1. WELCOME to Dental Anatomy and Tooth Morphology RESD 701/701L

2. Goals and Objectives: My goals - Your goals - To make learning fun!
To be interactive!
To keep you awake!
Your goals -
To learn and fun!
To ask questions???
To stay awake!

3. Dental Anatomy and Morphology

4. Introduction and Nomenclature
Classifications
Eruption patterns
Numbering systems
General anatomical terms

5. Human dental classification
Heterodont (different types of teeth)
Diphyodont (two sets of teeth)
Deciduous (primary) 20 teeth
Permanent (adult/secondary) 32 teeth
Mixed dentition: period including deciduous and permanent (6-12 yrs)

6. Introduction Arches: Quadrants (relative to the patient) Maxillary
Mandibular
Quadrants (relative to the patient)
Maxillary right
Maxillary left
Mandibular right
Mandibular left

8. Tooth Types Anterior teeth Posterior teeth Incisors Canines (cuspids)
Premolars (bicuspids)
Molars

9. Permanent Dentition (per quadrant)
Incisors: 2 (central and lateral)
Canine: 1
Premolars: 2 (first and second)
Molars: 3 (first, second, third)
Human Dental Formula: I C P M 2 1 2 3

10. Primary Dentition (per quadrant)
Incisors: 2 (central and lateral)
Canine: 1
Molars: 2 (first and second)
Dental Formula: I C M
Succedaneous teeth: permanent teeth that succeed/replace deciduous 2 1 2

13. Normal eruption sequence (Permanent Dentition)
First to erupt: 1st molars (6 yr molars)
Mandibular tooth precedes maxillary counterpart
Mandibular eruption sequence: follows anterior to posterior order
Maxillary eruption: anterior to posterior order, max canines erupt after premolars
Know the eruption ages and sequences

14. 1. Mandibular 1st molar
2. Maxillary 1st molar
3. Mandibular central incisor
4. Mandibular lateral incisor
5. Maxillary central incisor
6. Maxillary lateral incisor
7. Mandibular canine
8. Mandibular 1st premolar
9. Maxillary 1st premolar
10. Mandibular 2nd premolar
11. Maxillary 2nd premolar
12. Maxillary canine
13. Mandibular 2nd molar
14. Maxillary 2nd molar
6 - 7
6 - 7
6 - 7
7 - 8
7 - 8
8 - 9

15. Numbering systems Universal (1-32 and A-T)
Federation Dentare Internationale (quadrant/tooth)
Palmer notation (quadrant/tooth)

16. Universal Numbering System:
Maxillary
Permanent:
Primary: A - T
Mandibular

18. Study Hints: Centrals: 8 • 9, 24 • 25 Canines: 6 • 11, 22 • 27
Premolars: 4 • 5, 12 • 13, • 21, 28 • 29
Molars: 1 • 2 • 3, • 15 • 16, • 18 • 19, 30 • 31 • 32
First molars: 3 • 14 • 19 • 30

19. Universal
Numbering
System
Maxillary
Mandibular

20. FDI system: Federation Dentare Internationale1 2
Maxillary
Quadrants: 1, 2, 3, 4
(pedo: 5, 6, 7, 8)
Teeth: 1 - 8
(pedo 1 - 5)
e.g. 11, 41, 22, 73
Mandibular 4 3

21. Palmer system: Quadrants: symbol (+) to denote quadrants Teeth: 1 - 8
Pedo: A - E
8- 1
1 - 8
8- 1
1 - 8

22. General Dental Terminology

23. Outer covering of crown Hardest substance in body Dentin
Enamel
Outer covering of crown
Hardest substance in body
Dentin
Main component of tooth
Dentoenamel junction (DEJ)
Cementum
Outer covering of root
Cementoenamel junction (CEJ) aka cervical line

24. Dental structures: Crown and root: Anatomical vs Clinical
Anatomical crown: enamel
Anatomical root: cementum
Clinical crown: visible
Clinical root: not visible

25. Internal structures: Pulp cavity: Pulp Chamber Canal Horns
Blood vessels
Nerves

26. Supporting structures:
Alveolar process: bone which supports teeth
Alveolus: tooth socket
Periodontal ligament (PDL): fibers supporting tooth in alveolus
Gingiva: soft tissue covering alveolar process (“gums”)

27. Tooth surfaces: Facial (labial, buccal) - “outside” surface
Lingual (palatal) - “inside” surface
Mesial - toward midline
Distal - away from midline
Incisal and occlusal - “top” chewing surface
Gingival (cervical)

29. Nomenclature: Proximal: mesial or distal surfaces
Interproximal: between two adjacent teeth
Line angle:
junction of two surfaces
e.g occluso-lingual
Point angle:
junction of three surfaces
e.g. mesio-linguo-occlusal

30. Line angle: Point angle: junction of two surfaces e.g occluso-lingual
junction of three surfaces
e.g. mesio-occluso-lingual

31. Thirds of Teeth: artificial divisions horizontally and vertically

34. For lab today…

35. LAB SEATING CHART
2015
2015

36. Control of the Dental Instrument: Hand Grasps

37. 1. Pen Grasp

38. 2. Modified Pen Grasp

39. 3. Inverted Pen Grasp

40. 4. Palm-Thumb Grasp

41. 5. Finger Rests

42. 6. Grasp stabilized with other hand

43. Lab Exercise: 1. Pen Grasp Materials:
Wax instrument #1, wax, bunsen burner
Project: Fill in stars and circles designs with wax

44. 2. Modified Pen Grasp
Materials: High-speed handpiece, Columbia typodont, high-speed bur
Project: Occlusal “prep” on #32 centered on grooves, 1mm deep

45. 3. Inverted Pen Grasp
Materials: Slow-speed HP with contrangle, Columbia typodont, #557 bur
Project: Prepare 2mm hole, 1mm deep in cingulum of #24 or 25

46. 4. Palm-Thumb Grasp
Materials: Slow-speed HP, straight sleeve, straight mandrel with wheel, tooth stub
Project: Cut a 0.5 x 0.5 mm notch root of tooth stub

47. For Lab Tomorrow… (1 p.m. Nobel Lab)
Video of waxing project

48. Any Questions???

49. OK… let’s go to lab