1. NERVOUS SYSTEM
ANATOMY & physiology

2. Parts of the brain
Frontal lobe- conscious thought, behavior, emotion, planning, personality, organizing, problem solving, most uniquely human of all brain structure. Front of brain
Parietal: integrations of sensory information, perception, arithmetic, spelling, manipulation. Middle top of brain
Temporal: smell, sound, processing of complex stimuli (faces/senses/memory/understanding language). Temple region

3. Parts of the brain Occipital: sense of sight. Back of brain
Cerebellum: little brain, balance, coordination, muscular movement, timing, body position
Brain stem: pons and medulla oblongata, relays signals between brain and spinal cord, heart rate, breathing rate, blood pressure
Hypothalamus:  integration center for autonomic NS, controls endocrine system, body temperature, water balance, sleep-wake pattern, food intake, behavioral responses with emotion

4. Functions
Sensory: Monitor internal and external environment with receptors
Integration: interpret sensory information (processing and higher order functions)
Motor: respond to information through stimulation of effectors
Muscle contraction
Glands secretion

5. Divisions of nervous system
Central: brain and spinal cord
Peripheral: all tissues outside of CNS (sensory input and motor output), includes somatic and autonomic NS

6. TISSUE Neurons: excitable cells, transmit electrical signals
30,000 neurons can fit on a pinhead
Neurons do not touch→ gap is the synapse (messages sent across gap by neurotransmitters)
Can excite the next neuron or inhibit
Can live for a lifetime and don’t divide
High metabolic rate, constantly need oxygen and glucose, die within a few minutes without oxygen
100 billion in brain and 1 billion in spinal cord

8. nEURONS
Sensory (afferent) toward CNS (skin and muscles), unipolar and bipolar
Motor (efferent) from CNS to muscles/gland, multipolar

9. Neuroglia AKA glial cells- supporting cells
CNS: astrocytes (star, common, metabolism, create blood-brain barrier, monitor interstitial fluid, secrete chemicals for embryological development, stimulate formation of scar tissue), oligodendrocytes (produce myelin), microglial (macrophages), ependymal (helps circulate cerebrospinal fluid, cilia, lines CNS and spinal cord)
PNS: Schwann, satellite

10. INTERNEURONS 99% of all neurons
Grey matter: receive sensory information, direct information into a region of CNS, initiate appropriate motor responses
White matter: transmit information (sensory and motor) from 1 region of CNS to another

11. SYNAPSE
Electrical current travels down the axon: enough electrical current in brain to power flashlight
Vesicles with chemicals move toward membrane
Chemical released and diffuse toward next cell
Chemical opens up transport proteins and allow signal to go to next cell

13. FUN FACTS: BRAIN & cns Brain
Mass of 100 billion neurons, learning occurs more and stronger as connections are made with neurons
CNS
Cerebrum
Largest part, responsible for thought/senses/language/memory (not a snapshot, must be put together from information stored in other parts of the brain
Cerebellum: muscle coordination/balance/posture
Brain stem: breathing/swallowing/heart/blood pressure
Spinal cord: column of nerves protected by vertebrae, conduct impulses between brain and body, 268 mph

14. pns Neurons that go from brain/spine to rest of body
Sensory nerves: from body to brain (pain, temperature, pressure)
Motor nerves: from brain to body (response)

15. What Changes Neurons and Connections?
Accidents- physical injury of neurons
concussion - temporary disturbance of brain's ability to function to due to a hit in the head
Drugs/alcohol- bind to important receptors on neuron and repeated binding can cause neuron death
Disease
See disease chart