1. Chapter 1 Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology

2. Written Response 1: What happened to Kati Mori at the London Marathon?
In 2007, Kati Mori took part in the London Marathon – her fourth, and the hottest on record, with temperatures peaking at 75 F. Conscious of the repeated advice to maintain fluid intake, she took frequent drinks at the water stations along the route.
By the 18th mile, Kati felt bad but was determined to finish, Near the end, she needed help from other runners to stay upright; hours later she was in the hospital, suffering from severe diarrhea, headache, vomiting and increasing confusion, with her legs endlessly mimicking a running motion. “I thought I was still in the marathon,” she says.
Science Practice 8: Constructing Explanations; HS-LS1-3 Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis.
Written Response 1: What happened to Kati Mori at the London Marathon?

3. Anatomy – the structure of body parts (also called Morphology)
Physiology – the function of the body parts, what they do and how they do it
The structure determines the function.

4. Characteristics of Living Things
1. Movement - self initiated change in position, motion of internal parts
2. Responsiveness - Ability to sense changes and react to them
3. Growth - increase in body size
4. Reproduction - Parents produce offspring / passing DNA to new individuals
5. Respiration - Obtaining oxygen (O2), using it to release energy from food substances, and getting rid of wastes

5. 6. Digestion - Chemically changing (breaking down) food substances, and getting rid of wastes
7. Absorption - Passage of Digested products (food substances) through membranes and into body fluids
8. Circulation - Movement of substances throughout the body
9. Assimilation - Changing absorbed substances into chemically different substances
10. Excretion - Removal of wastes

6. Why do beans make you fart?
Written Response 2
Why do beans make you fart?
Written Response 3
Which life processes we discussed are shown in this short video?

7. Review the list of life processes and consider Kati Mori’s symptoms.
Written Response 4
Choose three of the processes that you think might be related.

8. Ultimately all of these processes require ENERGY
Metabolism = all the chemical changes that occur in the body to maintain life.
Ultimately all of these processes require ENERGY
Written Response 5
How do we obtain energy?

9. Bodily needs = food, oxygen, water, heat, and atmospheric pressure.
Written Response 6
(How long can you live without these?)

10. Written Response 6 Answer
Rules of “3’s” – 3 Minutes without air, 3 Days without water, and 3 Weeks without food.
Heat – Depends on the conditions.
Most humans will suffer hyperthermia after 10 minutes in extremely humid, 140-degree-Fahrenheit (60-degrees-Celsius) heat. Cold temperatures are harder to determine. (Too many factors to determine) But a person will die when their body temperature reaches 70 degrees.
Atmospheric Pressure – We pass out when pressure drops below 57 percent of atmospheric pressure and die without an oxygen mask above 26,000 feet or 5 miles.

11. Homeostasis = tendency of the body to maintain a stable, balanced, internal environment. “Sameness”
Written Response 7
Energy is required to keep the body in working order. Where does this energy come from?

12. How does a negative feedback loop maintain homeostasis?
Receptors – detect certain environmental parameters within the body such as temperature, information is relayed to the brain
Set point – the normal range that an environmental parameter is to be controlled
Effectors – muscle or glands that respond to deviation from the set point. Glands might initiate sweating to cool the body back to its set point.

13. Interpreting Graphics - Handout
Read the chart and answer the complimentary questions on the sheet of paper.
Show to me so that I may mark you complete on your assignment.
Glue or tape assignment in your notebook so that the chart is on one page and your answers are on the other page.

14. How does a positive feedback loop maintain homeostasis?
As the baby suckles on the nipple there is a nerve response into the spinal cord and up to the brain, which then stimulates the pituitary gland to produce more prolactin to produce more milk
Positive feedback loops amplify or increase the occurrence of events.
Homework: Feedback Loops

15. The doctor suggests that Kati might have “hyponatremia.”
When Kati arrived at the hospital and doctors began to collect information, they discovered that she weighed 128 lbs. Oddly, when she checked in to the race, she weighed 126 lbs.
The doctor suggests that Kati might have “hyponatremia.”
Written Response 8
What do you think that is?

16. Written Response 9 How does Kati’s story relate to HOMEOSTASIS?
In cases of water intoxication, it is extreme hyponatremia that can ultimately cause coma and death.
The doctor orders a drug that increases urination. Kati is able to clear the extra water from her body and recovers.
Written Response 9
How does Kati’s story relate to HOMEOSTASIS?
Which of the 10 life processes were compromised in Kati’s situation?

17. Article – Body Farm
In your notebook label the activity in bold “Body Farm”.
Read the article, and complete the questions related to the article in your notebook.
Once you have finished I will check you off to ensure you have completed the assignment.

19. Anatomy – Levels of Study
Gross Anatomy
Large structures
Easily observable
Figure 1.1
Slide 1.2a
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

20. Anatomy – Levels of Study
Microscopic Anatomy
Very small structures
Can only be viewed with a microscope
Figure 14.4
Slide 1.2b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

21. Organ System Overview Integumentary Forms the external body covering
Protects deeper tissue from injury
Synthesizes vitamin D
Location of cutaneous nerve receptors
Figure 1.2a
Slide 1.4
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

22. Organ System Overview Skeletal Protects and supports body organs
Provides muscle attachment for movement
Site of blood cell formation
Stores minerals
Figure 1.2b
Slide 1.5
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

23. Organ System Overview Muscular Allows locomotion Maintains posture
Produces heat
Figure 1.2c
Slide 1.6
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

24. Organ System Overview Nervous Fast-acting control system
Responds to internal and external change
Activates muscles and glands
Figure 1.2d
Slide 1.7
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

25. Organ System Overview Endocrine Secretes regulatory hormones Growth
Reproduction
Metabolism
Figure 1.2e
Slide 1.8
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

26. Organ System Overview Cardiovascular
Transports materials in body via blood pumped by heart
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Nutrients
Wastes
Figure 1.2f
Slide 1.9
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

27. Organ System Overview Lymphatic Returns fluids to blood vessels
Disposes of debris
Involved in immunity
Figure 1.2g
Slide 1.10
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

28. Organ System Overview Respiratory Keeps blood supplied with oxygen
Removes carbon dioxide
Figure 1.2h
Slide 1.11
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

29. Organ System Overview Digestive Breaks down food
Allows for nutrient absorption into blood
Eliminates indigestible material
Figure 1.2i
Slide 1.12
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

30. Organ System Overview Urinary Eliminates nitrogenous wastes
Maintains acid – base balance
Regulation of materials
Water
Electrolytes
Figure 1.2j
Slide 1.13
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

31. Organ System Overview Reproductive Production of offspring Figure 1.2k
Slide 1.14
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

32. Body Systems Concept Map - Handout
Complete assignment and show to me so that I may mark the assignment complete.
Once assignment has been checked glue or tape the handout into your notebook.

33. Axial Portion - head, neck, trunk Appendicular Portion - arms & legs
1. Several body cavities & Layers of membranes within cavities 2. Variety of organs and organ systems within cavities (VISCERA = internal organs. "Visceral organs")

34. EVISCERATE Popular in horror movies and games
Photo Source:

35. Body Cavities Dorsal = back side Ventral = front side
Thoracic = chest (heart, trachea, lungs..)
Abdomen = stomach area (spleen, intestines)
Pelvic = lower abdomen (bladder, reproductive organs)
DIAPHRAGM:  Separates the thoracic and pelvic region

36. Label the body cavities (use your book)
It's easier to visualize the body cavities on pictures -  Handout 2
Label the body cavities (use your book)

39. Inner layer = visceral (lines the organs)
MEMBRANES
Serous Membrane - two layers, covers organs
Outer layer = parietal
Inner layer = visceral (lines the organs)
Serous fluid – lubricating fluid

40. Other Membranes
Pleura = lungs
Pericardium = heart
Peritoneum = organs (abdominopelvic region)

41. Visceral Pleura Parietal Pleura
Visceral and Parietal always mean the same thing.
Visceral points toward the guts Parietal points toward the outside
Visceral Pleura Parietal Pleura
Visceral Pericardium Parietal Pericardium
Visceral Peritoneum Parietal Peritoneum
LUNGS
HEART
INTESTINES

42. How does each help maintain homeostasis?
1. Integumentary
2. Skeletal
3. Muscular
4. Nervous
5. Endocrine
6. Digestive
7. Circulatory
8. Lymphatic
8. Urinary
9. Reproductive
Organ Systems
Written Response 10
How does each help maintain homeostasis?

43. 8. Distal 9. Superficial 10. Deep
Anatomical Terminology Anatomical Position = standing erect, face forward, arms at side, palms facing forward *Study and learn the following terms*
1. Superior
2. Inferior
3. Anterior
4. Posterior
5. Medial
6. Lateral
7. Proximal
8. Distal 9. Superficial 10. Deep

44. Relative Positions - Handout
Complete assignment.
Make sure I check you off.
Glue or Tape into your notebook.

46. From the movie “Thirteen Ghosts” - What kind of cut is this?
A really sharp pane of glass fell on this unfortunate character.
From the movie “Thirteen Ghosts” What kind of cut is this?

47. What kind of cut is this?

48. Body Regions - Handout
Body Regions Chart – Draw and complete chart in your notebook.
Body Regions Labeling – Label the body regions diagram and glue/tape into your notebook on the page next to your chart.

49. Describe the body region each of these terms refer to:
Description
Draw chart and describe each body region into your notebook.
17. Gluteal
1. Abdominal
18. Inguinal
2. Acromial
19. Lumbar
3. Antebrachial
20. Mammary
4. Brachial
21. Nasal
5. Buccal
22. Occipital
6. Carpal
23. Oral
7. Celiac
24. Orbital
8. Cephalic
25. Otic
9. Cervical
26. Palmar
10. Costal
27. Pectoral
11. Coxal
28. Pedal
12. Digital
29. Pelvic
13. Dorsal
30. Sacral
14. Femoral
31. Sternal
15. Frontal
32. Umbilical
16. Genital
33. Vertebral
Describe the body region each of these terms refer to:

51. How to Learn the Body Regions
Try to associate the words with something you already know.
Written Response 11 – Choose 10 Body Regions and associate them with something you already know. Example: Humans are Bi-Pedal because they walk on two feet. Pedal = Feet
Brachial
Cervical
Femoral
Orbital
Pedal
Pectoral
Cephalic
This is an OTOSCOPE

52. Classwork/Homework: Medical and Applied Science – Handout.
There are tons of careers, some of them only require a short term of training. What are your goals?
See Explore Health Careers
Project: Health Careers Project
Classwork/Homework: Medical and Applied Science – Handout.

53. Lab – What is the effect of exercise on Heart Rate? - Handout
Complete lab with a partner.
Show me the completed lab.
Once you have completed your lab and are checked off place the assignment in your notebook.
This assignment will require you to fold it. Ensure that you fold the assignment so that the stamped portion can be seen when the page is opened.