1. The student knows that natural events can impact Earth systems.
TEK 8.9 Earth and Space
The student knows that natural events can impact Earth systems.

2. The student is expected to:
8.9 A) Describe the historical development of evidence that supports plate tectonic theory.
8.9 B) Relate plate tectonics to the formation of crustal features.
8.9 C) Interpret topographic maps and satellite views to identify land and erosional features and predict how these features may be reshaped by weathering.

3. 8.9 Vocabulary
Continental Drift Pangaea Plate Tectonics Mountain Building Volcano Erosion Lithosphere Seafloor spreading Divergent plate boundary
Trench Topography Weathering Mid-Ocean Ridge Topographic map Asthenosphere Convergent plate boundary Transform boundary

4. Take Projects Home!!

5. Science Starters…Watch This!
The Himalayas The Ring of Fire Tsunami San Francisco Earthquake

6. Discussion Questions
These clips are all related to each other.  The clips showed a volcano, an earthquake, a mountain range and a tsunami.  
What caused these events to occur?
How are these things connected?

7. Discussion Questions
What do you think is meant by the term “continental drift” ?
What do you know about it?
How does it relate to the clips you saw?

9. Abraham Ortelius
-cartographer/geographer Suggested the Americas were “ripped from Europe and Africa” by earthquakes and floods

10. James Hutton
The Father of Geology -Proposed the Theory of Uniformitarianism

11. The Theory of Uniformitarianism
processes occurring in the present were the same processes that had operated in the past, and would be the processes that operate in the future.
Used in reference to the formation of rocks,land masses, and land formations.

12. The Law of Superposition
-created by Nicholas Steno -Principle that states that in a series of sedimentary rock layers, the oldest are on the bottom and the youngest are on top, unless the layers have been overturned.

14. Like a middle school student’s back pack

15. The Theory of Continental Drift
-proposed by Alfred Wegner 1912
-states that all the continents were once connected in a single, large land mass
-broke apart 200 million years ago and drifted slowly to their current positions
-moving 1-10cm per year

16. Pangaea
Large ancient land mass that was composed of all the continents joined together.
Greek meaning “all land”

17. Pangaea

18. Evidence of Continental Drift
Pieces of a Puzzle
Fossil Record (similar fossils found on different continents)
Rock Type and Structure(similar rocks found on different continents)
Climate (fossils of plants and animals not suited for current climate of continent)

19. Pieces of a Puzzle

20. Fossil (plant/animal) Record

21. Rock Type and Structure

22. Climate

23. Pangaea

24. The Theory of Plate Tectonics
-proposed by Harry Hess in 1960’s -describes and explains the way that continents separated into today’s land masses from Pangaea (one large ancestral land mass).

25. Lithosphere
-the outermost layer of the Earth’s surface, which is rocky and solid.
-includes the crust and the rigid part of the upper mantle.
-Includes the tectonic plates that move on semi liquid mantle

27. **Asthenosphere**
Scientists believe that convection currents within the asthenosphere are responsible for the movement of the plates that form the Earth's crust.

29. Lithospheric Plates

30. Watch This
Continental Drift Bill Nye Layers of the Earth

31. Evidence of Continental Drift
Piece of Evidence
Picture
Explanation
Color

32. Quiz #2
This theory states that all the continents were once connected in a single, large land mass
Name the person responsible for this theory.
Name that ancestral landmass.
The theory that describes and explains the way that continents separated into today’s land masses from one large ancestral land mass.
Bonus: Name 2 pieces of evidence that support these theories

33. The student is expected to:
8.9 A) Describe the historical development of evidence that supports plate tectonic theory.
8.9 B) Relate plate tectonics to the formation of crustal features.
8.9 C) Interpret topographic maps and satellite views to identify land and erosional features and predict how these features may be reshaped by weathering.

34. Plate Boundaries and Land Formations

35. Divergent Boundary “Di-”meaning two
Boundaries in which plates move apart
Results in a Rift Valley or Mid Ocean Ridge

36. Seafloor Spreading -Theory proposed by Harry Hess 1960
-States that new seafloor is formed when magma is forced upward toward the surface at a mid-ocean ridge.
Divergent boundaries

37. Seafloor Spreading

40. Mid Ocean Ridge
-an underwater volcanic mountain range -typically has a valley known as a rift running along its spine

41. Mid Ocean Ridge

42. Lithospheric Plates

43. Mid Ocean Ridge

44. Convergent Boundary -“con-” meaning together
-Boundaries that come together
-results in mountain building

46. Convergent Boundary (subduction)
-the process in which one lithospheric plate slides under another -can result in volcanoes and a trench.

49. Transform Boundary -Boundaries run transversely to each other.
Slide past each other
-Creates fault lines
Origin of earthquakes

50. Transform Boundary

51. Hayward Fault Line Berkely, California

52. University of California Memorial Stadium

55. B A IV I D II
III C

56. B A IV I D II
III C

57. 1080
1200
1120

58. 1080
1200
1120

59. Boundary Foldable Name of boundary Arrows showing motion of plates
Definition
Picture of land feature resulting from boundary
Color
Numerator = # correct
Denominator = 15
At a divergent boundary,
the two plates move away
from each other forming
a valley.

60. Boundary Foldable Name of boundary on top flap Definition of boundary
1. Convergent- 2 types (including subduction)
3. Divergent
4. Transform
Definition of boundary
Cut and paste picture of motion of plates
Picture of land formation created at boundary (mountains, mid-ocean ridge, valley, faults, volcanoes)

61. Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Quiz
This theory states that all the continents were once connected in a single, large land mass
Name the person responsible for this theory.
Name that ancestral landmass.
The theory that describes and explains the way that continents separated into today’s land masses from one large ancestral land mass.

62. 6. 7. 8. 9. Name the plate boundary.
Name a land feature that results from #6.
10. Name a land feature that results from #7

63. Bonus
Name 2 pieces of evidence that support these theories

64. PAP Lottery Quiz #7
Name the plate boundary and land feature that is created by the type of boundary. 1. 2. 3.

65. Who Am I?
4. I am a cartographer who proclaimed that the Americas were ripped from Europe and Asia.
I am the father of Geology and I created the Theory of Uniformitarianism.
Bonus: Give the 4 pieces of evidence Alfred Wegner used to support his theory of Continental Drift.

66. The student is expected to:
8.9 A) Describe the historical development of evidence that supports plate tectonic theory.
8.9 B) Relate plate tectonics to the formation of crustal features.
8.9 C) Interpret topographic maps and satellite views to identify land and erosional features and predict how these features may be reshaped by weathering.

67. Map
-two-dimensional representation of a region’s physical features

68. Topography
-Topography describes the physical features of an area of land. These features typically include natural formations such as mountains, rivers, lakes, and valleys.

69. Interpreting Topographic Maps

70. Topographic Map
A topographical map is one that shows the physical features of the land. Besides just showing landforms such as mountains and rivers, the map also shows the elevation changes of the land. Elevation is shown using contour lines.

71. Topographic Map

72. Contour line (contour)
-connects points of the same elevation (height above sea level).
-closed contours indicate hills.

73. Contour Lines

74. Contour interval
-difference in the elevation between any two contour lines on a topographic map

75. Contour Interval

76. Slope Contour lines spaced far apart Shallow slope
Contour lines spaced close together
Steep slope
Contour lines spaced evenly
Constant slope

77. Index contour
- a contour line that is darker than nearby lines and has its elevation labeled.

78. Index Contours

79. Valleys and Ridges Valleys, including rivers, will show as
v-shaped lines pointing in the direction of higher elevation
Ridges, including hill tops and mountain ranges, will show as v-shaped lines pointing in the direction of lower elevation.

80. Topographic Map Features
Valley
Ridge
Key
--- road

81. Topographic Map
Should also include -North Arrow (shows direction) -Scale (show size) -Key or legend (showing certain land features or points)

82. Topographic Map Features
Key
--- road

83. What is Topography?
Watch this!

85. Quiz #1
The study of Earth’s physical features in a particular place or region.
A map that shows an area’s physical surface features.
Identify “A”
Identify “B”
Give the contour interval of this map.
Bonus: Which colored arrow shows the steepest portion of the map.

86. A
Contour Lines B
Index contour

87. Topographic Map Assignment
Label:
Contour Line
Index Contour
Shallow slope area
Steep slope area
Constant slope area
Elevations
Include:
Key/Legend
North Arrow
Bar scale
Stream
Contour interval
Map relief

88. Cross Section
Heading
1/11/13
Science 8-pd

89. Cross Section
Heading
1/11/13
Science 8-pd

90. Topographic Lab Map Requirements Must include Include and Label
-Color by elevation ROYGBV R-highest
Must include
-bar scale
-North arrow
-Identify the contour interval
Include and Label
-Contour Index ( at least 1) -Contour lines
-steep slope
-shallow slope
-label any rivers/valleys and draw arrows showing direction of water flow and where delta can be found

92. Topographic Map Worksheet
Front
Back C D B A 2 B D C 1 B C D A 2
Northeast

93. Quiz #9
Features of a land area caused by differences in elevation; also called relief.
Connects points on a map with the same elevation and are brown on most maps.
Show elevations and are darker than other contour lines.
The difference in elevation between two contour lines 5.

94. Bonus: Name two of the Newton’s 3 laws of motion.

96. Give the elevation of the following points.
Bonus 5. 4.

97. Give the elevation of the following points.
Bonus 5. 4.

100. PAP Evidence of Continental Drift Poster (Due Dec. 10th )
No bigger than 3’ x 3’ No smaller than 18” x 24” Show specific examples of the four categories of evidence I. Pieces of Puzzle II. Fossil record and species of animals III. Rock type or structures IV. Climate

101. PAP Plate Boundary Models
-model showing 3 types of plate boundaries 1. Convergent -mountain building -subduction 2. Divergent 3. Transform -include land features that result from each boundary -label the boundary -show the direction of the plates