1. War in the Philippines

2. Spanish American War in the Philippines
May 1, 1898 – U.S. Commodore George Dewey defeated a Spanish squadron of 8 ships, in Manila Bay in SIX HOURS
Filipino rebels, led by Emilio Aguinaldo, had already been fighting Spain
Filipino and American forces worked together to oust the Spanish
By August, the U.S. had taken control of Manila with help of Filipinos

3. The Spanish American War Ends
The Spanish had been defeated in the Caribbean and Pacific
Spain and the United States sign the Treaty of Paris December 10th, 1989
As a result of the Treaty of Paris
Puerto Rico was given to the United States
The United States Paid $20 million for the Philippines

4. The Philippines
On June 12, 1898 the Philippines declared their independence from Spain.
Trouble!
The United States paid the Spanish Empire $20 million for the Philippines.

5. The Philippines
The United States quickly learned that controlling the Philippines would not be easy.
February 1899 Emilo Aguinaldo’s forces began their fight for independence

7. United States v. Philippines
Fighting officially began when shots were fired February 4th 1899 sparking the first battle –the Battle of Manila.
McKinley ordered a report to be done on the conditions of the Philippines
It was reported that Filipinos had aspirations for independence but they were not ready for it
The report also suggested the civilians should be given the control of the government in Manila

8. U.S. refuses to recognize Filipino independence.
War Estimates
Filipino Forces = 100,000 men
U.S. Forces = 74,000 men
Filipino Goal
Inflict constant casualties on U.S. troops

9. Philippine war strategy
Filipino Tactics
Guerrilla warfare
American Tactics
Take no prisoners
Burning villages
Concentration Camps
Many died in unsanitary conditions

10. Aguinaldo is Captured
April 1, 1901 – Aguinaldo swears an oath of loyalty to the United States.
“Let the stream of blood cease to flow; let there be an end to tears and desolation.”
Fighting continues under Filipino General Miguel Malvar for one more year.

11. Official end to the war
Summer of 1901 the United States transferred authority from a military to a civilian government
Led by Americans
July 4, 1902 Theodore Roosevelt issues a proclamation ending the Philippine American War
United States keeps control of the Philippines until 1946

12. Legacy of the Philippine-American War
Deaths
U.S. = 4,326 soldiers (mostly from disease)
Filipinos(?) = 34,000 soldiers; 200,000 civilians
Moro Indians (?) = 10,000 to 20,000 men
Philippines will remain an important naval base for U.S. through World War II
Philippines will gain independence on July 4, 1946.