1. American University of Beirut (AUB)
Innovations in Climate Protection Policies – what can the Arab world learn from European countries?
Danyel Reiche
12/12/2008

2. Presentation Outline
Research Question

3. Presentation Outline
Research Question
Research Hypothesis

4. Presentation Outline Research Question Research Hypothesis
Relevance of the Subject

5. Presentation Outline Research Question Research Hypothesis
Relevance of the Subject
Case Studies

6. Presentation Outline Research Question Research Hypothesis
Relevance of the Subject
Case Studies
Significance of Research Hypothesis

7. Presentation Outline Research Question Research Hypothesis
Relevance of the Subject
Case Studies
Significance of Research Hypothesis
Conclusions

8. Research Question
Is the playing field for national innovations in climate change policy receding because of globalization and Europeanization?

9. Is there a shifting of power from the nation-state to the supranational and global level?
EU-Level
Nation-State
Nation-State
EU-Level
Global Level

10. Dwindling of State Governance?
International:
National powerlessness in the global and European context
National:
Reduced capability to govern internally

11. Arguments for the Powerlessness of the Nation-State
Global character of environmental problems

12. Arguments for the Powerlessness of the Nation State
Global character of environmental problems
Vulnerability of national economies in global competition

13. Research Hypothesis
The nation-state remains the most important operator for innovations in in climate change policies

14. Relevance of the Subject
IEA-prediction: Global energy consumption will rise by 53 % from 2006 to 2030

15. Relevance of the Subject
IEA-prediction: Global energy consumption will rise by 53 % from 2006 to 2030
Transportation accounts for 30 % of worldwide energy consumption

16. Relevance of the Subject
IEA-prediction: Global energy consumption will rise by 53 % from 2006 to 2030
Transportation accounts for 30 % of worldwide energy consumption
Transportation is the heaviest growing sector within the energy consumption field

17. Relevance of the Subject
IEA-prediction: Global energy consumption will rise by 53 % from 2006 to 2030
Transportation accounts for 30 % of worldwide energy consumption
Transportation is the heaviest growing sector within the energy consumption field
In 2004, there were 531 million automobiles worldwide

18. Relevance of the Subject
IEA-prediction: Global energy consumption will rise by 53 % from 2006 to 2030
Transportation accounts for 30 % of worldwide energy consumption
Transportation is the heaviest growing sector within the energy consumption field
In 2004, there were 531 million automobiles worldwide
The number of automobiles increases by 11 million per year worldwide

19. Relevance of the Subject
IEA-prediction: Global energy consumption will rise by 53 % from 2006 to 2030
Transportation accounts for 30 % of worldwide energy consumption
Transportation is the heaviest growing sector within the energy consumption field
In 2004, there were 531 million automobiles worldwide
The number of automobiles increases by 11 million per year worldwide
China and India have the highest growth rates (10-15%)

20. Research Hypothesis
The nation-state remains the most important operator for innovations in climate change policies

21. Germany: Pioneer in the production of electricity from wind and PV
Case Study 1
Germany: Pioneer in the production of electricity from wind and PV

22. Case Study 1
Germany: Pioneer in the production of electricity from wind and PV
Feed-In Tariff law (minimum payment system)

23. Case Study 2
Germany: Currently the only country with shrinking transportation emissions

24. Background: The ecological tax and duties reform
Case Study 2
Germany: currently the only industrial country with shrinking transportation emissions
Background: The ecological tax and duties reform
1999: 3,07 Cent
2000: 3,07 Cent
2001: 3,07 Cent
2002: 3,07 Cent
2003: 3,07 Cent
15,3 Cent/l fuel

25. Germany: Pioneer in serial production of a 3-liter-automobile
Case Study 3
Germany: Pioneer in serial production of a 3-liter-automobile
Smart
3-Liter-Lupo

26. Germany: Pioneer in serial production of a 3-liter-automobile
Case Study 3
Germany: Pioneer in serial production of a 3-liter-automobile
Smart
Voluntary self-commitment of the automobile industry “in the shadow of hierarchy“
3-Liter-Lupo

27. Norway: Pioneer of ethical guidelines for investment policy
Case Study 4
Norway: Pioneer of ethical guidelines for investment policy

28. Case Study 4
Norway: Pioneer of ethical guidelines for investment policy
“Active Ownership” and Exclusion of companies

29. Significance of Research Hypothesis

30. The Nation-State on a Global Level
1. Interdependence manager instead of “govern beyond the nation-state”

31. The Nation-State on a Global Level
1. Interdependence manager instead of “govern beyond the nation-state”
2. Diffusion of environmental innovations instead of competitive disadvantages by stricter environmental policies

32. The Nation State on a Global Level
1. Interdependence manager instead of “govern beyond the nation state”
2. Diffusion of environmental innovations instead of competitive disadvantages by stricter environmental policies
Essential role of the nation-state at the global level

33. The Nation-State in the EU
MOC instead of binding guidelines

34. The Nation-State in the EU
MOC instead of binding guidelines
Indicative objectives lead to
regulative competition

35. The Nation-State in the EU
MOC instead of binding guidelines
Indicative objectives lead to
regulative competition
´best practice`

36. The Nation-State in the EU
MOC instead of binding guidelines
Indicative objectives lead to
regulative competition
´best practice`
Continuing relevance of the Council of Ministers

37. The Nation-State in the EU
MOC instead of binding guidelines
Indicative objectives lead to
regulative competition
´best practice`
Continuing relevance of the Council of Ministers
Implementation in national colors

38. The Nation-State in the EU
MOC instead of binding guidelines
Indicative objectives lead to
regulative competition
´best practice`
Continuing relevance of the Council of Ministers
Implementation in national colors
Essential role of the nation-state at the EU level

39. Limitations of the Nation-State
1) Mode of supranational centralization

40. Limitations of the Nation-State
1) Mode of supranational centralization
2) Principle of open statehood

41. Limitations of the Nation-State
1) Mode of supranational centralization
2) Principle of open statehood
3) Decision by qualified majority

42. Conclusions

43. The nation-state in a changing environment continues to be the most important authority on all political levels.
Partial sovereignty opposes the positive effect of globalization: this has created an arena for pioneer countries, so that their policies in transnational diffusion processes can spread.

44. Thank you for your attention !