1. Models and prototypes

2. Purpose of the models and prototypes
Coioncrete

3. Models and prototypes Tools for thinking and communication
Helps to detect more and concretize

4. Taxonomy of models Mock-up Functional model Finalized appearance model
An early character model of design
Space model
Functional model
Testing a feature or set of features strength, movements, flexibility, usage etc,
Proof of concept models
Finalized appearance model
Better than final product
When final product does not exist
Testing desirability of consumer products
Commercial fairs
Brochure and package illustration
Not technically functioning
Typically by Poly-Jet- method finalized by hand work or NC-milling
Model making method according the intended use

5. Mock-ups Preliminary Plan
Shown essential things design problem more than the paper or a computer screen
Quick and cheap
Not nessery accurat or strong
Dimensions
Hand made polyurethane block levystä, Styro-foam, kapa-sheet cardboard wood etc.

6. Polystyrene ”Foam” extruded ”Styrox” expanded Clueing wood glue
600 mm wide bar
”Styrox” expanded
1000*1200 sheet
Possible to get large pieces
Clueing wood glue
Surface treatment by water soluble paint
Solvents melt PS
Free forms

7. Kapa Sheet Cardboard or plastics surface Core foamed plastic
PS or PU
planar pieces, plate structures
Bend by notching background
Sylindrical form by removing the backing

8. Polyuretaaniplokit Materials made for model making and tooling
Wide selection
Soft hand machinability qualities
heat-resistant
machinable
tough

9. Functional model To test of the properties, such as strength.
Compatibility and snap- fit action
EMC testing
Eg. Production line testing with parts done with prototype mold with final material

10. Finalized appearance model
Better than the final product.
When the final product does not yet exists
Testing the desirability of consumer product
Trade show display
Presents the description and illustration of the package,
Are not technically viable
Eg. A 3D print and hand-crafted finishing
The most accurate outcome by NC-milling
Replication with silicone mold
Material options
Dyeing the material

11. Metal prototype Thin sheet, hand-crafted Laser cutting
Welded structures
Machining by hand
CNC machining
Castings (template or mold)
Investment casting (Additive manufactured original)
Sand casting (Printed sand mold)
Sand casting process

12. Plastics model Cutting: Heat forming, vacuum forming (mold)
Cutting:
Laser, water-jet cutter
Wood working tools
Metal workshop
Heat forming, vacuum forming (mold)
Casting and molding
Hand lay-up

13. Mold or master production big forms
Hand made
Plaster
Foam
Wood
CNC milling (robot)
Foam kernel
PU or Epoxy paste

15. Pictures also from Kari Kääriäisen luentomonisteesta:
IPD Model making by hand.pdf