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CULTURAL DIVERSITY AND CONFORMITY
SOCIOLOGY CHAPTER 2 CULTURAL DIVERSITY AND CONFORMITY
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SECTION 1
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COMPONENTS OF ALL CULTURE
TECHNOLOGY: RULES FOR USING OBJECTS SYMBOLS: HAS SHARED MEANING EX. FLAGS, SONGS, JEWELRY LANGUAGE: MOST DIRECTLY LINKED TO COMMUNICATION, ORGANIZATION OF WRITTEN OR SPOKEN SYMBOLS INTO A STANDARDIZED SYSTEM VALUES: SHARED BELIEF ABOUT WHAT IS GOOD/BAD, RIGHT/WRONG
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MATERIAL AND NON-MATERIAL PRODUCTS
CULTURE ALL OF THE SHARED PRODUCTS OF A HUMAN GROUPS MATERIAL AND NON-MATERIAL PRODUCTS
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SOCIETY A GROUP OF PEOPLE WHO HAVE BECOME INTERDEPENDENT
SHARE COMMON CULTURE PEOPLE
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NONMATERIAL CULTURE ABSTRACT HUMAN CREATIONS
EX. RULES, BELIEFS, FAMILY PATTERNS, IDEAS, ETC.
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MATERIAL CULTURE MAN-MADE PHYSICAL OBJECTS THAT ARE PART OF CULTURE
BUILDINGS, CARS, CLOTHES, ETC.
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NORMS EXPECTATIONS FOR BEHAVIOR (NOT ACTUAL BEHAVIOR)
CREATED TO ENFORCE CULTURAL VALUES TELL PEOPLE HOW TO ACT IN CERTAIN SITUATIONS EX. STAND FOR THE AMERICAN FLAG, COVER YOUR MOUTH WHEN YOU SNEEZE, DON’T TALK WITH YOUR MOUTH FULL
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TWO TYPES OF NORMS 1. MORES: GREAT MORAL SIGNIFICANCE ATTACHED
VIOLATION OF THESE WOULD ENDANGER SOCIETY’S STABILITY AND WELL-BEING HAVE LAWS TO ENFORCE SERIOUS MORES
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OUTLINE COMMON CUSTOMS
2. FOLKWAYS DESCRIBES SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE BEHAVIOR BUT DOESN’T HAVE GREAT MORAL SIGNIFICANCE OUTLINE COMMON CUSTOMS DO HOMEWORK, DON’T CUT IN LINE, ETC. NOT FOLLOWING THESE CAN RESULT IN A REPRIMAND OR MINOR PUNISHMENT SOME HAVE LAWS LIKE PARKING IN A “HANDICAPPED” ZONE WITHOUT A TAG
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SECTION 2
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CULTURAL UNIVERSALS COMMON TO ALL CULTURES
ENSURE FULFILLMENT OF SOME NEEDS EVERYDAY ACTIVITIES EX. HAVING DINNER WITH FRIENDS AND FAMILY, GIFT GIVING
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CULTURAL UNIVERSALS CONT. GEORGE MURDOCK
ARTS AND LEISURE BASIC NEEDS BELIEFS COMMUNICATION AND EDUCATION FAMILY: PURPOSE OF FOR CHILD CARE GOVERNMENT AND ECONOMY TECHNOLOGY
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SUBCULTURE GROUP THAT SHARES VALUES, NORMS, AND BEHAVIORS THAT ARE NOT SHARED BY THE ENTIRE POPULATION HAVE UNIQUE CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS MOST DON’T REJECT ALL OF THE PRACTICES OF THE LARGER SOCIETY
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COUNTERCULTURE WHEN A GROUP REJECTS THE MAJOR VALUES AND NORMS OF THE LARGER SOCIETY AND REPLACES THEM WITH A NEW SET OF CULTURAL PATTERNS EX. ORGANIZED CRIME, PROTESTERS, ETC.
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CULTURAL RELATIVISM CULTURES SHOULD BE JUDGED BY THEIR OWN STANDARDS RATHER THAN APPLYING THE STANDARDS OF OTHER CULTURES
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ETHNOCENTRISM VIEW OWN CULTURE AND GROUP AS SUPERIOR EX. MY SCHOOL IS THE BEST CONFLICT PERSPECTIVE: ONE GROUP MAY SEE THE OTHER AS INFERIOR CAN ENCOURAGE DISCRIMINATION
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CULTURAL TRAITS IDEAS BELIEFS MATERIAL OBJECTS NONMATERIAL OBJECTS
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CULTURAL DIFFUSION PROCESS OF SPREADING CULTURAL TRAITS FROM ONE SOCIETY TO ANOTHER EX. MUSIC, INTERNET, ETC.
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CULTURAL LAG PART OF CULTURE THAT THAT CHANGES LESS RAPIDLY THAN OTHER PARTS THE TIME IT TAKES FOR NEW IDEAS AND BELIEFS TO CATCH ON EX. TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES
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GLOBALIZATION DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS THAT STRETCH AROUND THE WORLD
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CULTURAL LEVELING THE PROCESS IN WHICH CULTURES BECOME MORE AND MORE ALIKE
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SECTION 3
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AMERICAN VALUES PERSONAL ACHIEVEMENT PROGRESS AND MATERIAL COMFORT
WORK INDIVIDUALISM EFFICIENCY AND PRACTICALITY MORALITY AND HUMANITARIANISM EQUALITY AND DEMOCRACY FREEDOM
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SELF-FULFILLMENT COMMITMENT TO THE FULL DEVELOPMENT OF ONE’S PERSONALITY, TALENTS, AND POTENTIAL
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EXTREME SELF-CENTEREDNESS
NARCISSISM EXTREME SELF-CENTEREDNESS
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