0. Early Exploration
Unit 1

1. Early Americans

2. Migration to the Americas
Ice Age
Land Bridge (The Bering Strait)
- Between Asia North America
Hunter / Gatherers
Nomads
Followed herds south
Agricultural Revolution
Farming Begins/End of Nomadic Life
Corn Beans Squash
Populations Grew

3. Cultures of Central/South America
Olmec
Gulf of Mexico
Slash and burn farming
First Writings / Sculptures
Mayans
Religious centers became cities
Mayan Calendar
Toltec
Took over after decline of Mayans

4. Cont… Aztecs Inca Warlike Tenochtitlan Human Sacrifice Central Mexico
South American Coast
12 Million People
Vast Empire – Connected by Roads

5. Earliest Cultures of North America
Southwest
Agrarian
Pottery
Pueblos
Mound Builders
Eastern North America
Buried Leaders in Mounds
Mississippian
Most advanced

6. Regional Differences in North America
Southwest
Northwest
Fishing
California
No Farming – Not Needed
Far North
Most recent immigrants
Great Basin and the Plateau
Great Plains
Hunters
Eastern Woodlands
Southeast
Year long farming

7. Native American Customs
Leadership
Chiefs or Elders
Land Use
No ownership
Gender Roles
Men – Hunt
Women – Gatherers
Religion
Spiritual Connection to Earth

8. Trading Networks Specialization Exchange of Ideas
Items became valuable

9. Africans/Europeans

10. West African Trading Kingdoms
Traded inland – Sahara region
Ghana – Salt and Gold Route
Mali – Islamic
Songhai – Largest / Partially Muslim
Coastal Kingdoms
Benin – Rich from Foreign Trade
Kongo - Salt Trade

11. East African Kingdoms
Traded with Middle East
Arabian Influence

12. African Society and Slave Trade
Slaves
Debt, War, Crime
Plantations
First established by Portuguese
Atlantic Slave Trade
Europeans wanted cheap labor
Europeans goods in exchange for slaves
Divided African nations

13. Middle Age Europe Feudalism/Manorial System Crusades
Small local life
Self protection
Crusades
Increased Trade / Middle Class
Magna Carta
More rights to people

14. Renaissance and Reformation
Re-birth of learning and creativity
Science re-emerged
Led to Reformation
Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther
Change the Catholic Church
Spain
Forced Christianity – Reconquista

15. Exploration

16. Age of Exploration Marco Polo Prince Henry the Navigator
East over land (China)
Prince Henry the Navigator
School for Naval Exploration
Sea Route to India/China
Caravel
Faster ship

17. Early Explorers Dias De Gama Cabral
First to go around tip of Africa
De Gama
Sea route to India
Cabral
First to see South American Coast
Led to Decline of African trans-Saharan Trade and land trade over Asia/Europe

18. Vikings Erik the Red Leif Erikson
Greenland
Colonization
Leif Erikson
Vinland (Canada)
Abandoned after trouble with NA
Vikings returned to NA but not for settlement

19. Contact – East Meets West

20. Columbus First Voyage Sponsored by Queen Isabella of Spain
Looking for route to India
Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria
3 Weeks
San Salvador

21. Impact on Native Americans
Hispanoila
Christmas Town
All inhabitants killed by NA
Isabella
No Water
Attempted Slavery with Natives
Columbus taken out of charge after 1500
Labor
Natives
Christianity/Spanish
Spain wanted to avoid enslavement
Portuguese took place

22. Columbian Exchange Europe Africa New World
Received natural resources from New World
Sent out manufactured goods to Africa
Africa
Received manufactured goods from Europe
Sent out slaves to New World
New World
Received slaves from Africa
Sent out natural resources to Europe

23. Cont… Columbian Exchange to NA Received: Sent Out: Germs/Disease Guns
Horses/Domesticated Animals
Ideas
Sent Out:
Crops
Natural Resources