1. Libro De Gramática El Sumario
Table of Contents
Los Pronombres/Subject Pronouns
Ser vs Estar
Present Progressive

2. 1- Subject Pronouns-Los Pronombres

4. 2- Ser vs. Estar

5. Ser and estar with adjectives (cont’d)
The meaning of some adjectives changes completely depending on whether they are used with ser or estar.
With ser
With estar
El chico es listo.
El chico está listo.
The boy is smart.
The boy is ready.
La profesora es mala.
La profesora está mala.
The professor is bad.
The professor is sick.
Jaime es aburrido.
Jaime está aburrido.
Jaime is boring.
Jaime is bored.
Las peras son verdes.
Las peras están verdes.
The pears are green.
The pears are not ripe.
El gato es muy vivo.
El gato está vivo.
The cat is very lively.
The cat is alive.
Él es seguro.
Él no está seguro.
He’s confident.
He’s not sure.
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6. 3- Present Progressive

7. Form the present progressive with the present tense of estar and a present participle.
ESTAR + PRESENT PARTICIPLE
Están cantando.
Estoy comiendo.
They are singing.
I am eating.
Estamos esperando.
Ella está trabajando.
We are waiting.
She is working.
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8. The present participle of regular verbs is formed as follows:
When the stem of an –er or –ir verb ends in a vowel, the present participle ends in –yendo.
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9. Irregular present participles
The verbs ir, poder, and venir have irregular present participles (yendo, pudiendo, viniendo). Several other verbs have irregular present participles.
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10. Irregular present participles (cont’d)
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