1. HMXB, ULX and star formation
Marat Gilfanov
Hans-Jakob Grimm & Rashid Sunyaev

2. Topics compact sources in young & old stellar systems
relation to star formation and stellar mass of the host galaxy
X-ray binaries (low & high mass) and ULX
Marat Gilfanov

3. Evolutionary time scales
HMXB
t~ years
~ duration of star formation event
Star formation tracer
LMXB
t~ years
~ live time of the host galaxy
Stellar mass tracer
Marat Gilfanov

4. HMXB distribution and spiral arms
Milky Way galaxy
face-on view
Lx~ erg/s
LMXB:HMXB~10:1
M*/SFR~ years
HMXB distribution and spiral arms
Marat Gilfanov

5. Nearby galaxies Observed by Chandra high SFR galaxies -> HMXB
ellipticals, bulges of spirals -> LMXB
Milky Way
Magellanic Clouds
Marat Gilfanov

6. High mass X-ray binaries (ULX in young stellar systems)
Marat Gilfanov

7. HMXB in nearby galaxies
X-ray luminosity functions:
SFR~ Msun/yr
Marat Gilfanov

8. HMXB in nearby galaxies
X-ray luminosity functions scaled to the same SFR
SFR~ Msun/yr
Marat Gilfanov

9. Universal luminosity function of HMXBs
constant shape, normalization ~ SFR
few 1040 erg/s
no strong non-linear effects
Marat Gilfanov

10. HMXB XLF: differential form
Marat Gilfanov

11. Universal XLF of HMXBs ULX Galactic NS, Be binaries … Cyg X-1 Cyg X-3
V4641 Sgr
(peak)
Eddington limit for
a neutron star
Marat Gilfanov

12. ULX and HMXB ~featureless power law
smooth extension of ordinary HMXB population
a completely different population – unlikely
high M, high Mdot (low probability) tail of ordinary HMXBs ?
Marat Gilfanov

13. HMXB & ULX in distant galaxies
unresolved -> total Lx only
Hubble Deep Field North z~
SFR~4-200 Msun/year
Lx-SFR relation XLF parameters
Marat Gilfanov

14. Expected Lx-SFR relation
XLF, number of sources ~ SFR ”
i.e. total Lx ~ SFR
Wrong!
Marat Gilfanov

15. Expected Lx-SFR relation
Lx – total luminosity of discrete sources – 1,2,3…not 0.5
- does not work
non-linear Lx-SFR relation
@low Lx and SFR
Marat Gilfanov

16. Expected Lx-SFR relation
power law luminosity distribution <a<2
total LX is defined by a few brightest sources
number of
sources
total Lx
Marat Gilfanov

17. Predicted Lx-SFR relation
high SFR
LX,brightest =LX,cut-off
linear regime
low SFR
LX,brightest increases
with SFR non-linearly
non-linear regime
Marat Gilfanov

18. Mode and expectation mean of statistical distribution
Lx-SFR relation
mode – most
probable value
probability distribution
of total Lx
P(Lx,tot)
expectation mean
Marat Gilfanov

19. Observed Lx-SFR relation
Marat Gilfanov

20. Lx-SFR: observed vs predicted
Marat Gilfanov

21. Predicted Lx-SFR relation
Linear part – direct consequence of cut-off in LF
Large and asymmetric dispersion in the non-linear regime
XLF parameters
Many astrophysical applications
Marat Gilfanov

22. Cut-off in the luminosity function
Marat Gilfanov

23. ULX @ large redshift (z~1)
Not significantly more luminous than in nearby galaxies
Marat Gilfanov

24. Intermediate mass black holes ???
Luminosity function
Lx-SFR relation
Marat Gilfanov

25. Low mass X-ray binaries (ULX in old stellar systems)
Marat Gilfanov

26. LMXB in nearby galaxies
X-ray luminosity
functions:
Stellar mass range:
109-3x1011 Msun
Marat Gilfanov

27. LMXB in nearby galaxies
X-ray luminosity
functions: scaled
to the same mass
Stellar mass range:
109-3x1011 Msun
Marat Gilfanov

28. LMXB in nearby galaxies
X-ray luminosity
functions: scaled
to the same mass,
averaged
Stellar mass range:
109-3x1011 Msun
Marat Gilfanov

29. Universal luminosity function of LMXB
complex but ~constant shape
normalization ~ mass
cut-off @ ~few x1039 erg/s
Marat Gilfanov

30. total X-ray luminosity
Lx-mass relation
number of sources
total X-ray luminosity
Nx~16 src per 1010Msun
Lx~9x1038 erg/s per 1010Msun
Marat Gilfanov

31. X-ray & NIR growth curves - NGC1316
number of sources
total luminosity
Marat Gilfanov

32. High and low mass X-ray binaries in the galaxies (ULX in young & old stellar systems) Summary
Marat Gilfanov

33. HMXB & LMXB luminosity functions
different slopes of XLF for HMXB and LMXB different accretion regimes
Ultra luminous X-ray sources no true ULX among LMXBs at present
Marat Gilfanov

34. M101 – bulge and disk population
Marat Gilfanov

35. Conclusions
HMXB population ~ SFR (upto z~1) ~22 src (>1037 erg/s), ~7x1039 erg/s per 1 Msun/yr
LMXB population ~ stellar mass ~16 src (>1037 erg/s), ~9x1038 erg/s per 1010 Msun
~universal X-ray luminosity functions different for LMXB and HMXB
Marat Gilfanov

36. Conclusions
Majority of ULXs - members of the same population as ordinary HMXBs
z~1 are not significantly brighter
No true ULXs in old stellar systems (LMXBs)
Marat Gilfanov

37. Conclusions (cont’d)
Statistics of small numbers -> non-linear effects unrelated to the physics of e.g. star formation
Lx~SFR
Many astrophysical
applications
Lx~SFR1.7
Marat Gilfanov

38. The End
Marat Gilfanov