1. Open and Distance Learning 10472v2
Open and distance learning is an approach to learning which emphasizes flexibility and accessibility.

2. Open and Distance Learning 10472v2
ODL maximizes opportunities for learners in terms of choice
Who can access learning
What is learned
How it is learned
If, when, and how learning is assessed

3. Open and Distance Learning 10472v2
ODL is characterized by
Diverse learning strategies
Increasing emphasis on computer and telecommunications technologies as learning tools.

4. Open and Distance Learning 10472v2
“Traditional” learning model:
“Bricks and Mortar”
Place-specific
Boundaried
All instruction and services on-site
Physical interaction between students and staff

5. Open and Distance Learning 10472v2
Characteristics of “Traditional” Learning:
Teacher/Learner relationship:
Direct—in “real time” contact
Active
Synchronous and asynchronous
Interactive
Interdependent

6. Open and Distance Learning 10472v2
Characteristics of “Traditional” Learning:
Materials and Technology:
Print media—texts, handouts, notes
Lecture
Laboratory
Performance
Discussion
Q & A
Assessment: written/oral testing, essays, etc.

7. Open and Distance Learning 10472v2
Characteristics of “Traditional” Learner:
18-25 yrs. old
Scholastically “abled”
Affluent enough to afford university
More males than females
Single, w/o children

8. Open and Distance Learning 10472v2
“Global”—not place bound
Non-boundaried
Instruction and services delivered indirectly
No/little physical interaction between students and staff

9. Open and Distance Learning 10472v2
Characteristics of Early Open and Distance Learning:
Materials and Technology:
Print media—texts, handouts, notes, assignments
Assessment: written testing, essays

10. Open and Distance Learning 10472v2
Correspondence Courses
“Course in a Box”
Asynchronous
Indirect
Passive
Independent

11. Open and Distance Learning 10472v2
Creating a Virtual Classroom
Synchronous--Real Time
Direct—Teacher-to-Learner/Learner to Teacher
Active—Engagement with learning
Interactive—Working together
Interdependent—Rely on others

12. Open and Distance Learning 10472v2
Open and Distance Learning Technologies
Print media: texts, notes, instructions, newsletters (passive, asynchronous)
Computer: assignments, , chatrooms, bulletin boards (active, interactive, passive, synchronous, asynchronous)
Telephone: inquiries, instructions, student services, feedback (synchronous, interactive)
Audioconferencing: discussion groups (synchronous,
interactive

13. Open and Distance Learning 10472v2
Open and Distance Learning Technologies, cont.
Videoconferencing:
guest speakers, labs, performances, satellite hook-ups, seminars,demonstrations. (synchronous, interactive)
Broadcast media:
Television, radio: value-added
programming, e.g. interviews, films, performances,
demonstrations. (asynchronous, passive)

14. Open and Distance Learning 10472v2
Open and Distance Learning Technologies, cont.
Internet: worldwideweb, (passive, active,
and interactive.)
Multi-media: CD’s, DVD’s, websites (passive,
active, interactive)

15. Open and Distance Learning 10472v2
Open and Distance Learning Materials:
Printed text and graphics
Audiotapes
Videotapes
Computer programs and files
CD ROM Disks
Multi-media websites
Practical kits
Posters
Set Texts

16. Open and Distance Learning 10472v2
Open and Distance Learning Materials:
Examples; (asynchronous, passive, independent)
Printed text and graphics:
worksheets, spreadsheets, explanatory information
assignments, assessments, lectures
Audiotapes:
books-on-tape, music, lectures
explanatory information, assignments,
assessments, student support
Videotapes:
films, practical demonstrations

17. Open and Distance Learning 10472v2
Open and Distance Learning Materials:
Examples: (synchronous, asynchronous, independent,
interdependent, active, passive, interactive)
Computer programs and files:
Blackboard ; files containing course-related information
& materials (assignments, explanations, assessments)
CD ROM Disks:
Film clips, explanatory information,
assignments, assessments
(Bordwell and Thompson CD)

18. Open and Distance Learning 10472v2
Open and Distance Learning Materials:
Multi-media website: synchronous, interactive,
interdependent
Anatomy and Physiology Website
Practical kits: asynchronous, passive, independent
All equipment needed for course
Bedknobs and Broomsticks: poisoned
dragon’s liver, Cosmic Creepers,
and the broom

19. Open and Distance Learning 10472v2
Open and Distance Learning Materials:
Posters: asynchronous, passive, independent
Graphics, schedules, instructions
Set Texts: asynchronous, passive, independent
Required books, sets of readings,
instructions, manuals, “spells!”

20. Open and Distance Learning 10472v2
Open and Distance Learning Technologies, cont.
Videoconferencing:
synchronous, interactive, interdependent
guest speakers, labs, performance, satellite hook-ups,
seminars, demonstrations.

21. Open and Distance Learning 10472v2
Open and Distance Learning Technologies, cont.
Broadcast media:
asynchronous, passive or active, independent
Television, radio—value-added
programming, e.g. interviews, films, performances,
demonstrations—SIT2LRN programmes,
KEA programmes

22. Open and Distance Learning 10472v2
Characteristics of Open and Distance Learning
Communication Technologies and Materials
Embedded content: Information is pre-selected
by the course designer. Learner is given no
alternatives.
Embedded learning strategy and assistance:
No assistance: “Week 1: Read Chap. 1”

23. Open and Distance Learning 10472v2
Characteristics of Open and Distance Learning
Communication Technologies and Materials
Interactivity: Student interacts with tutor
and/or other learners; interacts with content
(can select, omit, focus on information as desired)

24. Open and Distance Learning 10472v2
Characteristics of Open and Distance Learning
Communication Technologies and Materials
Learner choice: Learner can select assignment
options, materials, etc.
Learner engagement: Learner is an active
participant

25. Open and Distance Learning 10472v2
Materials Development Process
1. Determine your learning outcomes
2. Determine how you will plan to achieve your learning outcomes
3. Implement your planning into:
Design
Development
Production
Quality Management

26. Open and Distance Learning 10472v2
Materials Development Process
Design and Development:
Doing the job in-house
Purchasing a course
Hiring a design/development expert

27. Open and Distance Learning 10472v2
Materials Development Process
Design and Development:
Production:
Creating and launching websites, creating and printing hard-copy, creating DVD’s and CD’s, producing TV/radio support programmes
Quality Management:
User evaluations, benchmarking, research

28. Open and Distance Learning 10472v2
Open and Distance Learning: Learner Support Systems
Enrolment Guidance
Study
Learning Environment
Academic Matters
Use of Technology
Motivation
Vocational Matters
Learning Pathways
Learner-to-Learner and Learner-to-Teacher realtionships
Training in Study Skills
Self-Management

29. Open and Distance Learning 10472v2
Open and Distance Learning: Learner Support Systems
Match Requirements of Specific Learning Contexts
Learner Demographics: Characterisitics as Part of
a Larger, Definable Group
Learner Needs: Demographic and Particular
Needs
Learner Profile: Learner as an Individual
Creating learner data bases