1. Chapter Seventeen: Nonrenewable Energy

2. Section One: Energy Resources and Fossil Fuels
Fuels for Different Uses
Uses of Fuels
Cooking
Transportation
Manufacturing
Heating and Cooling Buildings
Generating Electricity
Fossil Fuels: remains of ancient organisms that changed into coal, oil, or natural gas
Supply is limited
Usage causes environmental problems

3. Section One: Energy Resources and Fossil Fuels
Electricity-Power on Demand
Energy in fuels is often converted to electrical energy
Electricity is more convenient and can be easily transported
But it is difficult to store and needs other energy sources to be generated
Electric generator: a machine that converts mechanical energy, or motion, into electrical energy

4. Section One: Energy Resources and Fossil Fuels
Energy Use
World Patterns
Developed countries use more
Energy use in the U.S.
Uses more energy per person than any other country in the world except Canada and United Arab Emirates
Most is used for transporting goods and people

5. Section One: Energy Resources and Fossil Fuels

6. Section One: Energy Resources and Fossil Fuels
How Fossil Fuel Deposits Form
Coal Formation
Forms from remains of plants that lived in swamps hundreds of millions of years ago
Layers of sediment as well as heat and pressure caused coal to form
Oil and Natural Gas Formation
Decay of tiny marine organisms that accumulated at the bottom of the ocean millions of years ago
Most oil in U.S. found in Alaska, Texas, California, and the Gulf of Mexico

7. Section One: Energy Resources and Fossil Fuels
Coal
Makes up most of the world’s fossil fuel reserves
Coal Mining
Surface coal mining can destroy ecosystems
Toxic chemicals can leach into stream
Air Pollution
Sulfur from coal pollutes the air
Can cause acid precipitation

8. Section One: Energy Resources and Fossil Fuels
Petroleum
Oil that is pumped from the ground
Locating Oil Deposits
Found in geologic features like faults and folds
Most in located in the Middle East
Environmental Effects of Oil
Releases pollutants
Oil spills
Natural Gas
About 20% of the world’s nonrenewable energy
“Cleanest” fossil fuel

9. Section One: Energy Resources and Fossil Fuels
Fossil Fuels and the Future
Supply 90% of energy used in developed countries
Predicting Oil Production
Oil reserves: oil deposits that can be extracted profitably at current prices using current technology
Some oil reserves have yet to be discovered
Future Oil Reserves
No large reserves have been discovered in the last decade
Most is in the ocean, but is expensive to extract

10. Section Two: Nuclear Energy
Fission: Splitting Atoms
Nuclear Energy: the energy within the nucleus of an atom
Nuclear Fission: splitting of a nucleus that releases energy

11. Section Two: Nuclear Energy
How Nuclear Energy Works
Nuclear reactors are surrounded by thick pressure vessels designed to contain fission in case of an accident
Heat released during the reaction is used to generate electricity
Advantages of Nuclear Energy
Very concentrated energy source
No greenhouse gas production
Less radioactive than coal-fired plants

12. Section Two: Nuclear Energy
Why Aren’t We Using More Nuclear Energy
Expensive
Storing Waste
Difficult to find safe place to store radioactive waste
Safety Concerns
Extremely Dangerous
Chernobyl 1986
The Future of Nuclear Power
Nuclear Fusion: combining nuclei to release energy
Safer than fission
Difficult to carry out