1. The First Hundred and the Second Hundred
FDR's New Deal
The First Hundred and the Second Hundred

2. 1932 Presidential Election
Franklin Delano Roosevelt beats the incumbent Herbert Hoover
It was clear that Americans were miserable and needed a change

3. "a new deal for the American people."-FDR
Three general goals:
Relief for the needy
Economic recovery
Financial reform

4. Reforming Banking and Finance
Bank Holiday
Closed banks to prevent withdrawals
Persuaded Congress to pass the Emergency Banking Relief Act
Treasury Department inspects banks
stable banks could reopen
insolvent (could not pay their debts) would remain closed
needed help would get government loans to reopen
Restored public faith in banks and people deposited their money again

5. Reforming Banking and Finance
Glass-Steagall Banking Act of 1933
Established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) to provide federal insurance for bank accounts of less than $5k
Federal Securities Act
Regulated the stock market
Required corporations to provide complete info on stock offerings and were liable for misrepresentation
Created the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to prevent people from rigging the stock market

6. Generating Revenue
FDR convinced Congress to pass the 21st amendment in 1933
Repealed prohibition
Allowed the manufacture and sale of alcohol
Allowed federal government to add an extra tax

7. Helping Farmers Agricultural Adjust Act (AAA)
Raise crop prices by lowering production
Paid farmers a certain amount for every acre they didn’t farm
Paid hog farmers to slaughter 6 million pigs
Led to protests because food was wasted when people were going hungry
But it put money back in the pockets of farmers

8. Providing Jobs Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Put young men (18-25 yo) to work building roads, developing parks, planting trees, stopping soil erosion, control flood plains
Paid $30/ month and $25 was sent directly back to families
Provided free food and uniforms

9. Providing Jobs Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)
Provided $500 million in direct relief for the needy
States given money to provide food and clothing to the unemployed, elderly, and ill

10. Providing Jobs Public Works Administration (PWA)
Gave states money to create jobs
Construction projects (schools, community centers, etc.)
Did not make a significant dent in unemployment

11. Providing Jobs Civil Works Administration (CWA)
provided 4 million jobs
Built schools, roads, and paid the salary of rural teachers

12. Providing Jobs Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
Renovated 5 existing dams
Constructed 20 new ones
Created jobs, provided flood control, hydroelectric power

13. Protecting Labor and Consumers
National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
Established codes of fair practice for industries and promoted growth
Created the National Recovery Administration (NRA)
Set prices on products to ensure fair competition
Banned child labor and established fair working standards
Allowed workers to unionize and bargain collectively
Met with businesses to limit production, establish prices

14. New Deal Comes Under Attack
1935 SCOTUS says NIRA is unconstitutional because executive branch does not have legislative power
1936 SCOTUS strikes down AAA because agriculture is a state matter not a federal concern

15. POTUS Responds
1937 FDR convinces Congress to pass a bill to expand SCOTUS so he can appoint more justices who would favor his New Deal court-packing bill
Protests against POTUS overreach
But resignations happen and FDR appoints new justice in favor of the New Deal

16. The Second New Deal Goal was the help farmers
Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act
paid farmers for cutting production on soil-depleting crops like cotton and wheat

17. The Second New Deal Works Progress Administration (WPA) Created jobs
Employed unskilled workers
Built airports, schools, libraries, hospitals
Built and repaired roads
Hired women to make clothes for the needy
Hired teachers, writers, artists, actors, musicians to create art/murals and music, collect slave narratives

18. The Second New Deal National Youth Administration (NYA)
Employed high school and college students
Part-time clerical positions at their schools

19. The Second New Deal Wagner Act
Passed after NIRA was deemed unconstitutional by SCOTUS
Reestablished ability to unionize and bargain collectively
Listed unfair labor practices
Set up the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) to hear testimony of unfair practices

20. The Second Deal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)
Established maximum work hours and minimum wages
Set minimum work age as well

21. The Second New Deal Social Security Act (SSA)
Old-age insurance for retirees 65 or older and their spouses
Unemployment compensation system
Aid to families with dependent children and the disabled

22. The Second New Deal Rural Electrification Administration (REA)
Worked to bring electricity to areas that never had it before

23. Let’s Review

24. New Deal Alphabet Soup TVA FERA CWA CCC NRA PWA FHA AAA Wagner Act REA
FDIC
WPA
NYA
SSA
SEC
Glass-Steagall
NIRA
FLSA