1. 3-1 Vocabulary
Civilization –
Culture that includes, certain elements such as a system of writing, cities and workers with specialized jobs
Irrigation System –
Planned series of ditches to control flooding and to better water land
City-state -
City and its surrounding country-side
Theocracy -
Form of government in which one individual ruled as both religious leader and king
Cuneiform -
Sumerian form of writing using wooden triangular-shaped sticks in the form of hundreds of different wedge-shaped marking on clay tablets

2. 3-1 Vocabulary
Empire –
Group of lands under one ruler
Delta –
Area formed from soil deposited by a river at its mouth
Pharaoh -
Ruler of ancient Egypt
Polytheistic -
Believing in more than one god
Embalm -
To treat a dead body to protect it from decay
Pyramid -
Huge stone structure that served as an elaborate tomb or monument

3. 3-1 Vocabulary
Hieroglyphics –
Ancient form of writing that used signs and symbols
Papyrus –
Tall plant of the Nile valley, used in making a form of paper
Scribe -
One who records information by writing

4. Discussion Notes 3-1: Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt
I. Mesopotamia
A. One of the 1st civilizations that grew in the “________ _________” land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.
B. One of the earliest city-states was an area called __________.
C. They created a form of writing known as _____________.
D. _____________________ Code was an attempt to bring justice and fairness to the idea of law. (eye for an eye)
E. The ____________ developed an alphabet that gave rise to Hebrew, Greek, and Latin alphabets today.
II. Ancient Egypt
A. Egypt grew out of the river valley, the __________, the longest river in the world.
Fertile
Crescent
Sumer
cuneiform
Hammurabi’s
Phoenicians
Nile

5. B. Upper and Lower Egypt were united under one great ruler called a ______________.
C. Egyptians had a ____________ religion, meaning they worshipped many gods.
D. Large tombs that belonged to pharaohs were called ____________.
E. They used a form of picture writing called _____________, which the code was cracked by the Rosetta Stone.
Discussion Notes 3-2: Religions of the Middle East
I. Judaism - followers are known as Jews
A. Their holy book is the ___________.
B. They believe that they are God’s chosen people and are still waiting for the ____________.
C. In 1940s, 6 million Jews were murdered in the _____________.
pharaoh
polytheistic
pyramids
hieroglyphics
Torah
messiah
Holocaust

6. II. Christianity - followers are called Christians
A. Their holy book is called the ____________.
B. Christians believe that _________ is the son of God and the Messiah that the Jews were waiting.
C. Christianity is the _________ practiced religion in the world.
III. Islam - followers are called Muslims.
A. Their holy book is called the ___________.
B. Muslims believe that _____________ is the last and greatest prophet of Allah or God.
C. The Koran describes the _________________, 5 obligations all Muslims must fulfill.
D. One obligation is all followers making a pilgrimage, ______, to Mecca.
Bible
Jesus
most
Koran
Muhammad
5 Pillars of Faith
hajj