1. PERCEPTION!

2. Our Essential Questions
How does perception influence our perspectives?
What is the Gestalt perspective?
What are the various types of perceptions we have?

3. Perception
The process of integrating, organizing, and interpreting sensation
Sensation is the stimulation, perception is the interpretation

5. What do you think this mental integration, organization and interpretation is influenced by?

6. Perceptions influenced by:
----Motivation
----Values
----Expectations
----Experience
----Culture
----Cognitive Style
----Personality

7. Perception
Selective Attention focus of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

8. Visual Capture
tendency for vision to dominate the other senses

9. The process of integrating, organizing, and interpreting sensation
Perception – say it
The process of integrating, organizing, and interpreting sensation

11. Perceptual Constancy
We perceive objects as unchanging despite changes in retinal image
color/ brightness
shape
size

12. The door changes shape, but you know that it doesn’t really change

13. Visual capture
tendency for vision to dominate the other senses

14. Gestalt Psychology “unified whole” Whole>sum of its parts
If we break experiences into their basic parts, something important is lost

15. What do you see here?

16. What do you see here?

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Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Amzanig huh? yaeh and I awlyas tghuhot slpeling was ipmorantt!

18. Gestalt Psychology
Gestalt Psychologists focus on how we normally perceive images as groups, not isolated elements
Several factors influence how we will group objects:
-Proximity -Similarity
-Continuity -Closure

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20. Figure- Ground relationship
organization of the visual field into object (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground)
Analyzing separate information allows us to re-act to each individual object accordingly
Camouflage – when figures blend into the background

21. Camouflage

22. What is the figure, and what is the background here?

23. Dyslexia: inability to revisualize the gestalt of the word
Is this a problem with sensation or perception?

24. Can you remember?

25. How’d you do?

26. Grouping tendency to organize stimuli into groups
Aka “chunking”
Patterns, shapes, forms
How many #s can we remember?

27. So how do we group?
Similarity
Proximity
Continuity
Closure

28. Grouping - Similarity
The tendency to place items that look similar into a group

30. Grouping - Proximity
The tendency to place objects that are physically close to each other in a group

32. Grouping - Continuity
The tendency to follow a line and continue along the simplest, smoothest path

34. Grouping - Closure
The tendency to fill in gaps in a perceptual field

37. Perceptual Set
a bias or readiness to perceive certain aspects of available sensory data and to ignore others
Stereotypes?

38. Perpetual Set - UFO

39. Depth Perception ability to see objects in 3D
allows us to judge distance

40. Let’s try it! Binocular vs. monocular…which one’s better?
With both eyes open, touch your index fingers together in front of your face.
Now close one eye and try.
Try at different distances.

41. Depth Perception: Binocular Depth Cues
Module 10: Perception

42. Depth Perception – Binocular Cues
Retinal disparity: differences between 2 images of 1 scene
most effective when the item is quite close to the person

43. Depth Perception – Binocular Cues
Convergence: 2 eyes focusing on the same object creates tension
The more tension, the closer the object
Works best at close distances

44. Binocular Depth Cues: Finger Sausage

45. Depth Perception: Monocular Depth Cues
Module 10: Perception

46. Depth Perception - Monocular Cues
Relative size: Using the perceived size of a familiar object to determine depth
The larger the object appears, the closer the object is to the viewer

47. Depth Perception - Monocular Cues
Relative motion: when moving, we can determine depth by focusing on a distant object
Aka motion parallax

48. Relative Motion

49. Depth Perception – Monocular Cues
Figure-ground: tendency to organize stimuli into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surrounding (the ground)
figure = object (s) that draws one’s attention
ground = background

50. What is the figure, and what is the background here?

51. Depth Perception – Monocular Cues
Interposition/Overlap: closer object blocks distant object

52. Depth Perception – Monocular Cues
Relative clarity: distant objects are less clear than nearby objects
Texture gradient: distant objects have a smoother texture than nearby objects

54. Depth Perception – Monocular Cues
Relative height: distant objects appear higher in your field of vision than do closer objects
Linear perspective: parallel lines appear to converge in the distance
horizon

56. How does perception influence our perspectives?
Let’s Wrap Up
Explain the following: “Everyday experience is not a literal transcript of the world, but an ongoing process of construction by the mind.”
How does perception influence our perspectives?

57. images that differ from objective reality

58. Illusions
Stroboscopic motion: timed flashing lights that gives the illusion of movement

60. Perceptual Illusions
When our normal, automatic perception processes guide us to the wrong conclusions

61. Muller- Lyer Illusion
Which area is longer?

62. How about these ?

63. Which monster and line segment is larger?

65. Examples
Depth perception in action

79. Depth cues that require the use of both eyes
Binocular Cues
Depth cues that require the use of both eyes