1. Chapter 13/14
Spine and PNS

2. Functions of Spinal Cord
Function1: Connects PNS to Brain
Sensory nerves run toward the brain
Motor nerves run toward the body
Function 2: Coordination of spinal reflexes through interneurons
Integration

3. Spinal nerves
Spinal nerves are in pairs serving right and left sides of the body
C1-C8 (8 pairs)
T1-12 (12 pairs)
L1-L5 (5 pairs)
S 1-S5 (5 pairs)
Coccyx
See colored handout of spine
See colored handout of Dermatome

4. Why are spinal nerves mixed nerves
Sensory nerves enter the spine via the dorsal root
Motor nerves leave the spine via the ventral root
The dorsal and ventral roots are joined at the spinal nerve
Therefore the spinal nerve is part sensory and part motor
Away from the spine the nerve splits into dorsal and ventral Rami which mixed just like the spinal nerve
Dorsal rami contain sensory neurons and motor neurons of the back
Ventral rami contain sensory and motor neurons of the limbs and abdomen

5. What is a plexus?
The rami of spinal nerves are associated into plexuses that innervate certain regions of the body.
The Cervical Plexus: Head, Neck and Shoulders
The Brachial Plexus: Shoulders, Arms, Hands
The Thoracic Plexus: Chest, Abdomen, Thighs, Knees, Calves
The Sacral Plexus: Pelvis, Buttocks, Thighs, Feet

6. Reflexes
Crash Course PNS

7. Types of Sensory Receptors

8. Types of Sensory Receptors

9. Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic vs Parasympathetic divisions
Fight or Flight – Sympathetic Rapid and all at once
Thoracolumbar
Short preganglionic axons and long postganglionic axons
Rest and Digest- As time permits not all at once
Craniosacral
Long preganglionic axons and short postganglionic axons

10. Sympathetic Division

11. Parasympathetic Division
Rest and digest

12. Neurotransmitters of Autonomic NS

13. Neurotransmitters

14. Cholinergic vs Adrenergic
Nicotinic and
Muscarine
Alpha and Beta

15. Plexus

16. Rami

17. Somatic vs Autonomic pathways

18. Key pages from Chapter13
Page 486 Classification of receptors by Stimulus type, by location
Page 503 there are 31 spinal nerve pairs know numbers/section
Page 505 Innervation of specific body regions
Roots, Spinal nerve, Rami, plexus
Page 512 Dermatome
Page 515 Components of a Reflex arc
Page
Stretch and tendon reflexes, Knee jerk reflex

19. Key pages for Chapter 14 Pages 528-529 ANS vs SNS figure 14.2
Page 530 Figure 14.3
Page 532 Parasympathetic division
Page 536 Sympathetic division
Pages Visceral reflex arcs
Page 539 Cholinergic vs Adrenergic Receptors & Neurotransmitters
Page Effects Parasympathetic Division vs Sympathetic Division
Page 542 Role of hypothalamus and brain stem