2. Webinars www.tutor2u.net Subjects Psychology Explore Series
Welcome to the 7th in a series of 25 free webinars…

3. This Week’s Webinars
Mastering Research Methods – Revisiting the Sign Test - 4:30

4. A packed day with OVER 40 active teaching & learning activities…
CPD Events
Fast-Track Your Planning for AQA A Level Psychology (Year 2)
Birmingham 23rd September
London 30th September
To book: Visit or
A packed day with OVER 40 active teaching & learning activities…

5. Session Aims The Specification and what to watch out for
Creating Application Questions
What to Watch Out For
5 ways to use a sample essay
Turning a burger into a double-whopper
Effective Essays in Relationships
Issues & Debates in Relationships
3 Relationship Classics
Activities, Ideas and Inspiration…

6. Session Aims The Specification and what to watch out for
Creating Application Questions
What to Watch Out For
5 ways to use a sample essay
Turning a burger into a double-whopper
Effective Essays in Relationships
Issues & Debates in Relationships
3 Relationship Classics
Activities, Ideas and Inspiration…

7. What to Watch Out For What to Watch Out For
The Specification and what to watch out for
Creating Application Questions

8. The Old Specification
Poll: Have you taught relationships previously?

9. Relationships 09.1 Evolutionary explanations
The evolutionary explanations for partner preferences, including the relationship between sexual selection and human reproductive behaviour.
09.2 Attraction
Factors affecting attraction in romantic relationships:
self-disclosure
physical attractiveness
the matching hypothesis
filter theory
social demography
similarity in attitudes and complementarity
09.3 Romantic relationships
Theories of romantic relationships:
social exchange theory
equity theory
Rusbult’s investment model of commitment, satisfaction, comparison with alternatives and investment
09.4 Duck's phase model
Duck’s phase model of relationship breakdown: intra-psychic, dyadic, social and grave dressing phases.
09.5 Virtual relationships
Virtual relationships in social media: self-disclosure in virtual relationships; effects of absence of gating on the nature of virtual relationships.
09.6 Parasocial relationships
Parasocial relationships: levels of parasocial relationships,
the absorption addiction model
the attachment theory explanation

10. What to watch out for…
Research Methods
Application Essay Questions

11. 06. 1 Explain why the data in Table 1 is primary data and not secondary data. [2 marks] 6.2 Explain one strength of primary data. [3 marks]
The researcher decided to extend the study by using an inferential test to see if there was a significant difference between the two sets of scores. Suggest an appropriate inferential test which the researcher could use. Justify your choice. [4 marks]

12. The researcher decided to extend the study by using an inferential test to see if there was a significant difference between the two sets of scores. Suggest an appropriate inferential test which the researcher could use. Justify your choice. [4 marks]
Mann Whitney Test
Independent Groups Design
Test of difference (because it’s not correlational)
Data is ordinal and therefore a parametric test could not be used.

13. Essay Questions with STEMS
07 Discuss factors affecting attraction in romantic relationships. Refer to Teddy’s comments in your answer. [16 marks]

14. Example Question 1
Question 1: Denola and Chris are studying Psychology in Year 13 and are both very attracted to Mila. Mila is very sensible and while she finds Chris more attractive, she has just found out that Denola works in Waitrose, earning £7.27 and receiving 12% discount on groceries and
25% discount in John Lewis. She also learns that Chris doesn’t have a job. Naturally, she decides to start dating Denola…
Use your knowledge of evolutionary explanations for partner preferences, explain why Mila starts dating Denola and not Chris. (16 marks).

15. Example Question 2
Question 2: Jon is talking to his friend best friend Blessed about his new girlfriend, Jocelyn. ‘Jocelyn is amazing,’ said Jon. ‘She is smart, funny and intelligent. We also happen to be in the same psychology class and she is really good at topics like Approaches and I’m really good at Research Methods’. ‘That’s nice,’ said Blessed (clearly not interesting). ‘Also, because she is so hot, I just love being seen out with her, as I know everyone is really jealous, and we tell each other everything!’ Referring to Jon, discuss one or more factors affecting attraction in romantic relationships. (16 marks).

16. Example Question 3
Question 3: Ben and Harriet are on their very first date. Harriet decides to tell Ben about all of her previous partners and doesn’t let Ben say a word all evening.
Ben, who is naturally reserved, decides not to go into his past relationships and reveals very little. The next day Harriet is gossiping in Mr Sparks’s tutorial (as per usual) about her date. She said that the date didn’t go well and she felt uncomfortable with Ben and probably won’t see him again.
Referring to Harriet and Ben, discuss the role of self-disclosure in attraction. (16 marks)

17. Example Question 4
Question 4: Tommy has just been dropped from an A-Level in Physics and decides to pick up A-Level Psychology…because it’s easy.
When he walks into his new class, which has 17 female students, his eyes pop out...Tommy quickly scans the room and sits next to Rachelle. He is so delighted that his physics A-Level didn’t work out.
With reference to filter theory, explain how Tommy might try and form a relationship with one (or more) of the girls in his class. (16 marks).

18. Example Question 5
Question 5: Candice has never met Joseph from tutor2u, but has attended several of his Psychology Webinars. While she probably wouldn’t propose to Joseph if she met him face-to-face, in one webinar she blurted out: “MARRY ME!” Using your knowledge of virtual relationships, discuss why Candice finds it easier to form relationships online. (16 marks).

19. What to Watch Out For Any Questions? What to Watch Out For
The Specification and what to watch out for
Creating Application Questions
Any Questions?

20. Effective Essays in Relationships
5 ways to use a sample essay
Turning a burger into a double-whopper

21. 5 Ways to Use a Sample Essay…
Specialist Terminology
Essay Elaboration
Evaluation Match Up
Peer Marking
Spot the Mistakes

22. Specialist Terminology
Version 1: Specialist Terminology
Reinforce specialist/ key terms.
Deconstruct essay (create plan).

23. Essay Elaboration Activity 2: Essay Elaboration
Students practice effectively explaining their knowledge and evaluation points.

24. Cut & Stick Activity 3: Cut & Stick (Evaluation)
Students create/develop logical and meaningful evaluation points.
Extension: Add counter-argument / issues and debate to enhance evaluation.

25. Peer Marking Activity 4: Peer Marking Understand mark scheme
Suggest improvements

26. Spot the Mistakes Activity 5: Spot the Mistakes
Reinforce knowledge and understanding.

27. Year 1 Style Point Evidence / Example
Explain
One issue with evolutionary explanations is that they fail to take into account cultural influences.
Mate selection can be affected by family upbringing, religion and/or social context. For example, Bereczkei et al. (1997) found that women in Hungry now look (advertise) for men who are family orientated suggesting that resources are not most important factor in terms of mate selection.
However, one issue with evolutionary explanations is that they fail to take into account cultural influences. Mate selection can be affected by family upbringing, religion and/or social context. For example, Bereczkei et al. (1997) found that women now
look for men who are family orientated, suggesting that resources are no longer an important factor in terms of mate selection and that evolutionary explanations do not necessarily account for all partner preferences in Consequently, evolutionary theories suggest that behaviour is a result of nature and do not fully take into account the social factors involved in partner preferences and therefore ignore the role of  
nurture which can play a role in partner preferences. For example, research suggests that women value resources more in cultures where their status and educational opportunities are limited, highlighting a cultural (nurture) aspect of partner preferences (Levinger et al., 1970).
This matters because it suggests that evolutionary explanations do not explain all partner preferences in all cultures and therefore other social/culture factors also play a role in shaping partner preferences.

28. Year 2 Style
Point
Evidence / Example
Issue / Debate
Explain
One issue with evolutionary explanations is that they fail to take into account cultural influences.
Consequently, evolutionary theories suggest that behaviour is a result of nature and do not fully take into account the social/culture factors involved in partner preferences and therefore ignore the role of  nurture which can play a role in partner preferences.
Mate selection can be affected by family upbringing, religion and/or social context. For example, Bereczkei et al. (1997) found that women in Hungry now look (advertise) for men who are family orientated suggesting that resources are not most important factor in terms of mate selection.
Consequently, evolutionary theories ignore or minimise cultural differences which is known as a beta bias assuming that all humans are the same and therefore partner preferences are the same.
This matters because it suggests that evolutionary explanations do not explain all partner preferences in all cultures and therefore other social/culture factors also play a role in shaping partner preferences.

29. Year 2 Style
Point
Evidence / Example
Issue / Debate
Explain
One issue with evolutionary explanations is that they fail to take into account cultural influences.
Mate selection can be affected by family upbringing, religion and/or social context. For example, Bereczkei et al. (1997) found that women in Hungry now look (advertise) for men who are family orientated suggesting that resources are not most important factor in terms of mate selection.
Consequently, evolutionary theories suggest that behaviour is a result of nature and do not fully take into account the social/culture factors involved in partner preferences and therefore ignore the role of  nurture which can play a role in partner preferences.
This matters because it suggests that evolutionary explanations do not explain all partner preferences in all cultures and therefore other social/culture factors also play a role in shaping partner preferences.

30. Effective Essays in Relationships
Embedding Issues & Debates
Turning a burger into a double-whopper
Any Questions?

31. Activities, Ideas and Inspiration
Issues & Debates in Relationships
3 Relationship Classics

32. Mapping Issues & Debates in Year 2
Relationships
Which Issue and Debate?
Why?
09.1 Evolutionary explanations
Biological Determinism Social Sensitivity
Views partner preferences as being due to genetic influences (biological determinism). Socially sensitive as can be see to justify behaviours such as male promiscuity and even rape.
09.2 Attraction
Nomothetic Approach
Filter theory seeks to formulate general laws of behaviour by suggesting that we all use a series of filters to narrow down the 'field of availables'.
09.3 Romantic relationships
Cultural Bias - Ethnocentrism
Most research into romantic relationships has been conducted in Western societies. Some research has suggested that equity is not as important in non-Western cultures.
09.4 Duck's phase model
Social Sensitivity
Carrying out research into relationship breakdown can potentially be intrusive and distressing for partipants.
09.6 Parasocial relationships
Use of the Celebrity Attitude scale to identify levels of parasocial relationship is an example of a nomothetic, quantitative approach.

33. Mapping Issues & Debates in Year 2
Relationships
Which Issue and Debate?
Why?
09.1 Evolutionary explanations
Biological Determinism Social Sensitivity
Views partner preferences as being due to genetic influences (biological determinism). Socially sensitive as can be see to justify behaviours such as male promiscuity and even rape.
09.2 Attraction
Nomothetic Approach
Filter theory seeks to formulate general laws of behaviour by suggesting that we all use a series of filters to narrow down the 'field of availables'.
09.3 Romantic relationships
Cultural Bias - Ethnocentrism
Most research into romantic relationships has been conducted in Western societies. Some research has suggested that equity is not as important in non-Western cultures.
09.4 Duck's phase model
Social Sensitivity
Carrying out research into relationship breakdown can potentially be intrusive and distressing for partipants.
09.6 Parasocial relationships
Use of the Celebrity Attitude scale to identify levels of parasocial relationship is an example of a nomothetic, quantitative approach.

34. Mapping Issues & Debates – Student Topic Tables
Activity: Student Topic Tables – One for every single Year 1 and 2 Topic.

36. Issues and Debates in Relationships…
Activity 5: Issues and Debates in Relationships…
The aim of this activity is to encourage students to apply their knowledge of issues and debates to the topic relationships…

37. Issues and Debates in Relationships…
Provide students with a ‘Grenade’ poster
Use a spinner to select and issue/debate:

38. 3 Relationship Classics
Classic 1: Evolutionary Explanations – What characteristics does your perfect man/women have?
Beautiful
‘Big Assets’
Good with children
Good with chores
Good on Microsoft Excel
Tall
Funny
Muscular
Rich
Good teeth
Faithful

39. 3 Relationship Classics
What women want…
What men want…
Tall
Funny
Muscular
Rich
Good teeth
Faithful
Beautiful
‘Big Assets’
Good with children
Good with chores
Good on Microsoft Excel

40. 3 Relationship Classics
Classic 2: Lonely Heart Ads
Waynforth and Dunbar (1995)
42% of men look for a youth mate, compared to 25% of females.
44% men look for an attractive partner, compared to 22% of women.
Content analysis to look for wealth, attractiveness, age and family orientation.

41. 3 Relationship Classics
Classic 3: Matching Hypothesis
Find pictures of 6-10 couples online.
Separate and label the male and female of each couple (A-A, B-B etc).
Male students rate the female photos (1-10) and females student rate the male photos (1-10). A A
Male Photo
Female Photo A 10 9 B 8 7 C 6 D 5 E 4 F 3

42. Activities, Ideas and Inspiration
Issues & Debates in Relationships
3 Relationship Classics
Any Questions?

43. Today’s Resources & Any Questions
Today’s resources will be posted in our AQA Teacher FB Group. Search ‘AQA A Level Psychology Teachers’ OR
Sign Up to our Daily Digest: and receive an tomorrow morning directing you to the resources.

44. Don’t forget to sign up for our future webinars: www. tutor2u
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Join our Teacher FB Community, search: ‘AQA A Level Psychology Teachers’
Encourage your students to join our Student FB Community: ‘A Level Psychology Student Group’.
If you ever need any advice, support or guidance,
Any Questions?

45. Session Aims The Specification and what to watch out for
Creating Application Questions
What to Watch Out For
Embedding Issues & Debates
Turning a burger into a double-whopper
Effective Essays in Relationships
Issues & Debates Student Topic Tables & GRENADE
Example: Issues & Debates in Relationships
Activities, Ideas and Inspiration…