1. MEDICAL CONDITION THAT AFFECT ATHLETES

2. ACCURATE AND UPDATED HEALTH HISTORY
ALLOWS THE ENTIRE SPORTS MEDICINE TEAM TO PREPARE IN ADVANCE FOR EMERGENCIES THAT MAY AFFECT THEIR ATHLETES

3. DIABETES MELLITUS CAUSED BY: CAUSING AN INCREASE OF BLOOD GLUCOSE
COMPLETE OR PARTIAL DECREASE IN THE PRODUCTION OF INSULIN BY THE PANCREAS
CELLS DO NOT RESPOND TO THE INSULIN THAT IS PRODUCED
CAUSING AN INCREASE OF BLOOD GLUCOSE

4. HIGH BLOOD GLUCOSE
NORNAL BLOOD GLUCOSE = 70 TO 110 MILLIGRAMS PER DECILETER (mg/dL) OF BLOOD
WHEN BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS RISE ABOVE 160 TO 180 mg/dL SUGAR SPILLS INTO THE URINE AND THE KIDNEYS EXTRACT ADDITIONAL WATER TO DILUTE THE LARGE AMOUNTS OF SUGAR
INCREASE IN URINE OUTPUT
DEHYDRATION
WEGHT LOSS

5. TWO TYPES OF DIABETES TYPE 1: GENETIC
INSULIN DEPENDANT; PANCREAS PRODUCES TOO LITTLE OR NO INSULIN
INSULIN IS HORMONE NEEED TO ALLOW SUGAR (GLUCOSE) TO ENTER THE CELLS TO PRODUCE ENERGY
USUALLY DIAGNOSED BEFORE AGE 15
FAST ONSET
MUST TEST AND INJECT INSULIN DAILY
CAN BE CONTROLED BUT NOT CURED

6. TWO TYPES OF DIABETES TYPE 2: LIFESTYLE NON-INSULIN DEPENDANT
SLOWER ONSET
USUALLY CAN BE CONTROLLED BY A CHANGE IN DIET
MAY REQUIRE MEDICATION AND/OR INSULIN INJECTIONS
CAN BE CONTROLED BUT NOT CURED

7. ATHLETE WITH DIABETES
EAT COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES 30 MINUTES BEFORE EXERCISE
IF THEY ARE GOING TO EXERCISE FOR OVER 60 MINUTES THEY NEED TO HAVE GLUCOSE AVAILABLE DURING THEIR TRAINING OR COMPETITION
IF DIABETES IS UNTREATED OR IMPROPERLY MANAGED IT CAN LEAD TO:
KIDNEY FAILURE
BLINDNESS
NERVE DAMAGE
AMPUTATION
HEART ATTACK
STROKE
DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS LEADING TO DIABETIC COMA

8. WHAT IS DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS?
CELLS OF THE BODY ARE UNABLE TO GET NEEDED GLUCOSE BECAUSE OF A LACK OF INSULIN
GLUCOSE IS UNABLE TO ENTER THE CELLS AND STAYS IN THE BLOOD
THE KIDNEYS FILTER SOME AND REMOVE IT THROUGH URINE
CELLS BEGIN TO BREAK DOWN FAT AND MUSCLE FOR ENERGY
KETONES (FATTY ACIDS) ARE PRODUCED AND ENTER THE BLOOD STREAM CAUSING A CHEMICAL IMBALANCE
LEADING TO DIABETIC COMA AND/OR DEATH

10. HOW WOULD YOU TREAT AN ATHLETE SUFFERING FROM DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS
HOW WOULD YOU TREAT AN ATHLETE SUFFERING FROM DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS? HOW WOULD YOU PREVENT AN ATHLETE FROM DEVELOPING DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS?

11. HYPOGLYCEMIA ALL ATHLETES DEPLETE GLUCOSE DURING COMPETITION
ATHLETES SUFFERING FOR DIABETES NEED TO BE MONITORED CLOSELY
IF THEY ARE NOT MONITORED CLOSELY THE ATHLETE CAN EASILY DEVELOP HYPOGLYCEMIA
TWO WAYS AN DIABETIC ATHLETE CAN DEVELOP HYPOGLYCEMIA:
EXCESS EXERCISE
TOO MUCH INSULIN INJECTED
SIGNS OF HYPOGLYCEMIA:
RACING HEARTBEAT
SWEATING
SHAKING
INABILITY TO THINK CLEARLY
PHYSICAL WEAKNESS
LOSS OF MOTOR COORDINATION

12. INSULIN SHOCK IF NOT TREATED HYPOGLYCEMIA CAN LEAD TO INSULIN SHOCK
SIGNS:
MOIST PALE SKIN
RAPID BOUNDING PULSE
TINGLING THROUGHOUT THE BODY
CONVULSIONS
COMA AND/OR DEATH
INSULIN SHOCK IS LIFE THREATENING; HYPOGLYCEMIA REQUIRES IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION

13. HOW WOULD YOU TREAT AN ATHLETE SUFFERING FROM HYPOGLYCEMIA
HOW WOULD YOU TREAT AN ATHLETE SUFFERING FROM HYPOGLYCEMIA? AFTER TREATMENT HOW LONG WOULD YOU WAIT TO SEE IF THE SYMPTOMS RESOLVE BEFORE CALLING EMS? HOW WOULD YOU PREVENT AN ATHLETE FROM DEVELOPING HYPOGLYCEMIA?

14. ASTHMA CONSTRICTION OF THE BRONCHI AND BRONCHIOLES IN THE LUNGS
THE TISSUE OF THE LUNGS IS IRRITATED AND THE LINING OF THE LUNGS SWELL AND SECRETE A THICK MUCUS
RESTRICTS THE FLOW OF OXYGEN TO THE BLOODSTREAM
EXTRINSIC AND INTRINSIC ASTHMA

15. TREATING AN ASTHMATIC ATHLETE
HAVE ATHLETE SIT DOWN WITH THEIR ARMS ELEVATED
TRY TO HAVE THE ATHLETE CONTOL THEIR BREATHING
HAVE ATHLETE USE THEIR INHALER (BROCHODIALATOR)
ATHLETES MUST BE AWARE OF ANY LEGAL RESTRICTIONS OF THE USE OF INHALERS DURING COMPETITION
IF THE INHALER DOES NOT RESOLVE SYMPTOMS; CALL EMS

16. HEART CONDITIONS
AN ATHLETE MAY BE UNAWARE OF A GENETIC HEART CONDITION
EXTREME EXEERTION DURING TRAINING OR COMPETION MAY STRESS THE CARDIAC MUSCLE TO THE POINT THAT IT IS UNABLE TO MEET THE DEMANDS OF THE BODY
CAUSING A MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (HEART ATTACK)
ALSO A DIRECT BLOW THE HEART MAY CAUSE DAMAGE TO A HEART THAT IS ALREADY WEAKEND

17. MARFAN SYNDROME
GENETIC DISORDER OF THE CONNECTING TISSUE CAUSING A WEAKNESS OF THE VALVE AND AORTA
CAN LEAD TO A RUPTURE
BODY TYPE:
TALL
ARM SPAN EXCEEDS HEIGHT
JOINTS HYPERMOBILE
SUNKEN CHEST
SCOLIOSIS

18. HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH IN YOUNG ATHLETES
AN ABNORMAL THICKNESS OF THE VENTRICLE WALL, MAKING IT HARDER FOR THE BLOOD TO LEAVE THE HEART AND FORCING THE HEART TO WORK HARDER

19. SICKLE-CELL ANEMIA GENETIC
CAUSED BY HAVING SICKLE OR QUARTER MOON SHAPED RBC
THE SICKLE SHAPE INHIBITS THE PASSAGE OF BLOOD THROUGH THE SMALL BLOOD VESSELS
CAUSING CLOGGING
THIS CAUSES A DECREASE OF THE TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN
NORMAL RBC LIFESPAN IS 120 DAYS; SICKLE CELL IS DAYS
THIS SHORT LIFE SPAN CAN LEAD TO SEVERE ANEMIA
ANEMIA IS WHEN THE BODY DOES NOT PRODUCE ENOUGH RBC TO PROVIDE ENOUGH OXYGEN FOR THE BODIES TISSUE AND CELLS
SIGNS:
MUSCLE PAIN
CRAMPING
ABNORMAL WEAKNESS AND/OR FATIGUE
SHORTNESS OF BREATH
SOMETIMES MISDIAGNOSED AS HEAT CRAMPS; SIMILAR SYMPTOMS

20. WHAT TYPES OF PROBLEMS MAY AN ATHLETE WITH SICKLE CELL ANEMIA ENCOUNTER?