1. Information Literacy Program Module 5
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Information Literacy Program
Module 5
Literature Search Citing Sources The Bibliography

2. Other ILP Modules
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Module 1: Resources the Emalus Campus Library
Module 2: Accessing the Emalus Library Website & Using the Online Catalogue
Module 3: Untangle the Web: Finding Information on the Internet
Module 4: Critically Evaluating Information Sources
Module 5: Literature Search, Citing Sources & Bibliography
Module 6: Searching ProQuest

3. Learning Objectives plan an information search strategy effectively
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plan an information search strategy effectively
explain why citing sources correctly is important
explain what a bibliography is

4. Learning Outcomes At the end of this session, students should:
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At the end of this session, students should:
be able to describe the steps involved in researching information and ideas and explain the importance of each one
understand why they need to cite sources correctly using one from a range of citation/bibliographic styles
understand what a bibliography is and why it is an important part of any piece of work

5. Beginning the Process familiarise yourself with the library
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familiarise yourself with the library
define your topic, decide on the key words
to get an overview of your topic use the Reference section (e.g. general encyclopedias, subject encyclopedias, dictionaries)

6. Framing Your Topic or Question
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What was the unemployment rate last year?
is NOT a Research Problem
How does government spending on education in Fiji affect the annual unemployment rate?
Is a research problem because it asks about a relationship of two variables:
Variable 1 public education expenditures in Fiji
Variable 2 annual unemployment rate in Fiji

7. Starting Point: You are thinking of doing a paper
Defining Your Topic
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Starting Point: You are thinking of doing a paper
on climate change
General Topic: Global warming
Time span: past 50 years
Place: Pacific Island nations
Event or Aspects: changes in weather patterns; changes in cycles of weather events such as cyclones; effects on agriculture, marine life; ocean warming  
Narrowed research question: Are there demonstrable impacts of climate change on Pacific island countries?

8. Search Terms climate change greenhouse effect carbon emissions
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First Concept
Second concept
Third Concept
Fourth Concept
climate change
greenhouse effect
carbon emissions
Melanesia
Micronesia
Polynesia
Pacific countries
Individual country names
issue conflict confrontations struggle causes dilemma obstacles
solutions resources strategies problem-solving remedies avoidance

9. General Collection search for books in the library using the
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search for books in the library using the
Library’s online catalogue
search for online materials using the Library’s catalogue

10. Emalus Library Website
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11. Search for Journal Articles
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the Library provides access to online databases such as ProQuest and EBSCOhost
many provide access to full text articles

12. Other Sources Use other sources and formats of
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Use other sources and formats of
information related to your topic:
statistics, maps
government documents
relevant agencies and departments outside the USP

13. Internet Resources Search the Internet using search engines
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Search the Internet using search engines
--such as Google
and subject directories,
--such as Yahoo
and academic search engines
--such as Google Scholar
Web addresses are an essential element of your bibliographic citation for online databases and websites

14. What are the BIG6™ Skills?
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Focus: What is the problem?
Search: How do I find out?
Sort: What have I got?
Select: What is important?
Synthesize: How does it all fit together?
Produce: Who wants to know (audience)
Evaluate: So what?
Reflect: What have I learned? (self-evaluation, peer evaluation, teacher evaluation)
Task definition ==
Information Seeking Strategies==
Location and Access==
Use of Information==
Synthesis==
Evaluation==

15. Evaluate Using the CARS criteria
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credibility
accuracy
reasonableness
support
This is covered in detail in Module 4

16. Jowitt, Anita (2006) Legal Referencing
Citing Your Sources
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Decide on the citation style to use
DFL Students--Ask your lecturer
Legal citation for law students
Jowitt, Anita (2006) Legal Referencing

17. Citing your Sources
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Citing means “quoting of an authoritative source”. It is a reference to a book, article, web page or some other published material in any format
These references may be cited:
as quotes
as footnotes
in a bibliography
in a list at the end of your work

18. The Bibliography
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a bibliography is a list of references at the end of a piece of work (book, article, report, essay). It shows what sources the author used in writing their work
a reference list is a list of the references actually referred to in the work

19. Why use Bibliographic Citations?
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required in academic research to avoid plagiarism
required in publishing to avoid infringement of copyright (intellectual property laws)
accurate, formalised citations allow your readers to retrace your steps and check / read your sources

20. What is Plagiarism?
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“Plagiarise: take and use (another’s writings etc.) as one’s own.”
The Australian Oxford colour dictionary, 1996.

21. What is Plagiarism?
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Plagiarism is the theft / stealing of another’s words, images, ideas, information, etc. when using these in your work (e.g. essay, report) without acknowledging the source of the information.
Carol Talbot, 2006
*** this includes all information you use from the Internet

22. What is Copyright?
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it is a legal right granted to the original creator of a written piece of work, music score, art work, etc to exclusive distribution, sale, copying of that work
permission must be granted before any copying, sale etc

23. Other Terms
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intellectual property - a variety of legal entitlements which protect the work of inventors, authors, etc
fair use - is a legal concept that allows the reproduction of copyrighted material for certain purposes without obtaining permission and without paying a fee or royalty. Does not apply to all countries
public domain - openly available to everyone and not subject to copyright protection. Usually refers to software on the Internet. Freeware is not the same thing – it is copyrighted

24. Citation Style check with your lecturer / tutor as to which
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check with your lecturer / tutor as to which
style you should be using
use only one citation style consistently in the body of your essay / report and in your
bibliography
different Faculties use different styles; legal citation for law students

25. Citation Style, cont.
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generally speaking, prefer style manuals over online guides, as they are usually more complete and authoritative
locate the example listed for that type of source, or the closest to it, then follow it precisely, substituting your details for the example’s details

26. Citation Style: Common Elements for Books
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Citing books:
- author or editor
- year of publication
- title & subtitle
- place of publication
- publisher

27. Library Catalogue
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The library catalogue record uses the same elements of bibliographic information you need to include in your bibliography:
author / editor
title
place of publication
publisher’s name
date of publication

28. Library Catalogue
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29. Citation Style: Common Elements for Articles
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Citing journal articles:
- author
- year of publication
- article title & subtitle
- journal title & subtitle
- volume and / or issue number
- page numbers

30. Citation Style: Common Elements
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Citing electronic sources:
provide the complete citation, as for print
and the date your retrieved the information
and the database / electronic source
e.g.—APA Style
Smith, J. (1996). Time to go home. Journal of Hyperactivity, 6(4), Retrieved January 11, 2005, from ProQuest database.

31. General Tips for Citing Sources
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Write down or print out all publication details when you first decide to include a source:
this will assist you to avoid plagiarism or infringing copyright
this applies to both your research of the topic and direct quotations in your essay / report

32. Common Errors in Bibliographies
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Typographic errors
Spelling errors
Spacing errors
Punctuation errors
Wrong order of elements
Missing elements

33. Good luck on your research!
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This presentation is available on the library web page
Good luck on your research!