1. Communists Take Power In China
Chapter 33 Section 2

2. Warm up What is the Mandate of Heaven? Describe the dynastic cycle.
How did Wudi limit the power of nobles in China?
What religion did Wudi make the official religion of China?

3. China had become involved in a Civil War between Communists and Nationalists.
Communists – Their leader was Mao Zedong and they won the loyalty of the peasants by promoting literacy and food production.
Nationalists – Led by Jiang Jieshi (JJ) and supported by the United States.

7. At the beginning of the civil war, the Nationalists had the upper hand with more troops and US money.
The Nationalists did not do much to win popularity with the poor and thousands of Nationalist soldiers ended up deserting to the Communists.
Mao and the Communists eventually take control of the country and proclaimed it the People’s Republic of China in 1949.

9. China had split into two nations.
The Nationalists who fled to the island of Taiwan.
The Nationalists were aided by the United States. Pledged to come to their aid.
Mainland Communist China.
The Communists were aided by The Soviet Union. Pledged to come to their aid.

11. In 1950, China brutally assaulted and took over Tibet.
The Chinese promised that they would leave the Tibetans alone, but they lied.
The Dalai Lama fled to India and there is still tension between Tibet, India, and China.

14. Mao and the Communists seized land from wealthy farmers and divided the land among the peasants.
Mao killed farmers who resisted.

16. Private companies were brought under government ownership.
Mao launched a five-year plan that set very high production goals for industry.
Due to the five-year plan, China’s output of coal, cement, steel, and electricity had increased dramatically.

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19. The friendship between The Soviet Union and China began to break.
Because of this loss of friendship and the failure of “The Great Leap Forward”, Mao wanted to reenergize the Communist spirit in China.
Mao urged young people to “learn revolution by making revolution.”
Millions of students left school and formed militia units called Red Guards.

22. The Red Guards led a major uprising known as the Cultural Revolution.
The goal of the Cultural Revolution was to establish a society of peasants and workers in which all were equal.
The hardworking peasant became the hero of young Chinese.

24. The Red Guard shut down schools and targeted anyone who resisted.
Intellectuals had to “purify” themselves by doing hard labor in work camps.
Mao eventually realized that the Cultural Revolution was a failure and had the military put down the Red Guard.

25. Buddhism

27. The history of Buddhism
Siddhartha

28. Siddhartha Siddhartha Gautama – The founder of Buddhism.
Born into a noble family that lived in Nepal.
Prophecy said:
If he stayed at home: He would become a world ruler
If he left home: He would become a universal spiritual leader.

30. His father isolated him in his palace so that he would not leave.
Siddhartha eventually explores outside his palace and witnesses an old man, a sick man, and a corpse.
Decides that the only way to get refuge from inevitable suffering is through a religious life.

31. Meditated for 49 days under a fig tree.
Decides that the only way to get refuge from inevitable suffering is through a religious life.
He wandered the forests of India for 6 years seeking enlightenment (wisdom).
Meditated for 49 days under a fig tree.
Achieved an understanding of the cause of suffering in this world. Became known as the Buddha.

33. Siddhartha rejected the idea of the caste system.
Many of his followers included laborers and craftspeople.

35. Wandered around India spreading the Buddha's teachings.
Monks and nuns took vows to live a life of poverty, to be nonviolent, and not to marry.
Wandered around India spreading the Buddha's teachings.
Missionaries carried only a begging bowl to receive daily charity offerings from people.

36. Buddhist Monks in Thailand

37. Buddhism spread throughout Asia through trade routes
Buddhism spread throughout Asia through trade routes. It was not particularly strong in India.
Buddhism and Hinduism often blended into each other.

39. Teachings
Four noble truths and the eight fold path.

40. Buddhism Four Noble Truths: 1. Suffering is a part of life.
2. Suffering is caused by people’s greed and craving for things. (selfishness)

41. 3. Suffering will stop if selfishness is overcome.
4. The way to bring suffering to an end is to follow the Eightfold Path.

42. 1. Accept the Four Noble Truths. (Awareness)
Eightfold Path:
1. Accept the Four Noble Truths. (Awareness)
2. Think in the right way which leads you to help others. (Thought)

43. 3. Be kind in speech, avoid boasting, gossip and lies. (Speech)
4. Do what is right (Action)

44. 5. Earn your living in a way which is good. (Livelihood)
6. Avoid evil thoughts and actions; work hard. (Effort)

45. 7. Learn to meditate. (Concentration)
8. Be at peace in your mind. (Understanding)
 Leads to Nirvana – a state of freedom from the cycle of rebirth; one with the universe.

46. Buddhist Monks in Paris