1. Unit 7 Test Review Introduction: Organism and Energy History of Life
Introduction to Photosynthesis
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Breathing & Cellular respiration
Fermentation

2. Introduction: Organism and Energy

3. An autotroph and/or a producer.
What are the 2 possible names of an organism that can make its own food?

4. What do you call organisms that must eat other organisms for energy?
Heterotrophs or consumers.
What do you call organisms that must eat other organisms for energy?

5. Stored energy is known as?
Potential energy.
Stored energy is known as?

6. Energy in motion is known as?
Kinetic energy.
Energy in motion is known as?

7. Energy stored in molecules, such as glucose, is called?
Chemical energy.
Energy stored in molecules, such as glucose, is called?

8. Thermal energy.
The total amount of energy associated with the random movement of atoms and molecules in a sample of matter is called?

9. A Calorie
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1o C is called?

10. A Kilocalorie
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1,000 grams of water by 1o C is called.

11. What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?
You cannot create or destroy energy - it can be converted from one form to another.
What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?

12. Cellular metabolism
All the chemical reactions occurring in the cell at any given time is known as?

13. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
What three types of macromolecules are broken down during cellular respiration to make (ATP)?

14. Glucose
What is the basic molecule used by all organisms during cellular respiration to make (ATP)?

15. What type of molecule is glucose?
A carbohydrate
What type of molecule is glucose?

16. History of Life

17. What are the anaerobic organisms found in the Mexican caves called?
Snottites.
What are the anaerobic organisms found in the Mexican caves called? 17

18. 4.5 billion years old
How old is Earth? 18

19. How was the moon created?
From the remnants of a meteorite, the size of Mars, the collided with Earth
How was the moon created? 19

20. What was the atmosphere on Earth like 4 billion years ago?
Carbon dioxide and Hydrogen sulfide gases
What was the atmosphere on Earth like 4 billion years ago? 20

21. What are the four most common elements in living organisms?
Oxygen, Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen
What are the four most common elements in living organisms? 21

22. Where might life have first evolved on the Earth?
Deep sea volcanic vents in the Oceans
Where might life have first evolved on the Earth? 22

23. How old are the oldest fossils on Earth?
3.5 billion years old
How old are the oldest fossils on Earth? 23

24. What do the oldest fossils on year look like?
Stromatolites
What do the oldest fossils on year look like? 24

25. Cyanobacteria
What organisms account for the vast increase in oxygen content of Earth’s atmosphere? 25

26. What did the increase in oxygen content of Earth’s atmosphere allow?
The evolution of multicellular organisms
What did the increase in oxygen content of Earth’s atmosphere allow? 26

27. Extremophiles
Organisms that are able to live in environments such as volcanic or in acidic water are called? 27

28. Where might the “Molecules of Life” such as amino acids originate?
Outer space
Where might the “Molecules of Life” such as amino acids originate? 28

29. From space on Meteorites and Comets.
It is thought that the organic molecules, which form the basis of life on Earth, might have come from where?

30. Hydrogen sulfide gas
What substance do the anaerobic organisms found near seafloor volcanic vents use for energy? 30

31. Introduction to Photosynthesis

32. Glucose and Oxygen.
What are the 2 products of photosynthesis used in cellular respiration?

33. Refer to the diagram above. What are the products of photosynthesis?

34. ? ? ? ?
Refer to the diagram above. What are the product(s) of cellular respiration?

35. ? ? ? ?
Refer to the diagram above. What are the reactants that enter of photosynthesis?

36. Refer to the diagram above. What powers photosynthesis?

37. What is the energy that powers photosynthesis?
Sunlight
What is the energy that powers photosynthesis?

38. What are the by-products of cellular respiration?
Carbon dioxide and Water
What are the by-products of cellular respiration?

39. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

40. A phosphate groups it removed.
How is energy released from ATP?

41. Adenine, ribose (sugar), and a triphosphate tail.
Name the 3 parts of ATP.

42. What is the energy source for all cellular activities?
ATP
What is the energy source for all cellular activities?

43. What are the three parts of an ATP molecule?

44. What is lost from a molecule of ATP when it is used as an energy source?

45. What molecule is created when ATP is used as energy to do cellular work?

46. When ATP loses a phosphate groups what does it become?
ADP
When ATP loses a phosphate groups what does it become?

47. “A”
“B”
“C”
When ATP is used to accomplish cellular work, what type of “work” is illustrated in column “A” above?

48. “A”
“B”
“C”
When ATP is used to accomplish cellular work, what type of “work” is illustrated in column “B” above?

49. “A”
“B”
“C”
When ATP is used to accomplish cellular work, what type of “work” is illustrated in column “C” above?

50. Breathing & Cellular respiration

51. List the reactants used during cellular respiration.
Glucose and Oxygen
List the reactants used during cellular respiration.

52. Where does breathing occur?
Cells
Where does breathing occur?

53. Where does cellular respiration occur?
Cells
Within the mitochondrion of cells
Where does cellular respiration occur?

54. What gas is used during cellular respiration?
Cells
Within the mitochondrion of cells
What gas is used during cellular respiration?

55. What gas exits cellular respiration?
Cells
Within the mitochondrion of cells
What gas exits cellular respiration?

56. What gas exits the blood during breathing?
Cells
Within the mitochondrion of cells
What gas exits the blood during breathing?

57. What gas enters the blood during breathing?
Cells
Within the mitochondrion of cells
What gas enters the blood during breathing?

58. Where does gas exchange occur within the lungs during breathing?
In small sacs called alveoli within the lungs
Cells
Within the mitochondrion of cells
Where does gas exchange occur within the lungs during breathing?

59. 40%
What % of the energy found in food is converted to ATP during cellular respiration?

60. Lost as heat – maintains body temperature
What happens to the energy (60%) not used during cellular respiration to make ATP?

61. If a reaction requires oxygen what is it called?
Aerobic
If a reaction requires oxygen what is it called?

62. Where does glycolysis occur?
In the cytoplasm of the cell.
Where does glycolysis occur?

63. In what organelle does cellular respiration occur?
The mitochondria
In what organelle does cellular respiration occur?

64. The Krebs cycle.
If oxygen is present, what is the next stage of of cellular respiration after glycolysis?

65. What 2 molecules are produced at the end of glycolysis?
2 pyruvate molecules
What 2 molecules are produced at the end of glycolysis? 65

66. What is pyruvate converted to before it enters the Krebs cycle?
Acetyl CoA
(Acetyl Coenzyme A)
What is pyruvate converted to before it enters the Krebs cycle? 66

67. What are the products of the Krebs cycle?
NADH, FADH2, ATP, CO2
What are the products of the Krebs cycle?

68. Oxygen accepts the electrons and water is produced.
What is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain, and what is produced? 68

69. Protons (hydrogen ions) flow through ATP Synthase.
How is ATP produced at the end of the Electron Transport Chain?

70. What molecule starts the Krebs cycle?
Acetyl Coenzyme A also called acetyl CoA
What molecule starts the Krebs cycle?

71. What is/are the products of glycolysis?
2 pyruvate molecules, 4 ATP (2 net ATP), and 2 NADH
What is/are the products of glycolysis?

72. Cellular respiration produces CO2 and H2O and photosynthesis uses CO2 and H2O
What is the major difference between cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

73. List the products of cellular respiration.
CO2, H2O, ATP
List the products of cellular respiration.

74. What are the three stages of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Electron Transport Chain
What are the three stages of cellular respiration?

75. The matrix
The fluid found inside the inner membrane of the mitochondrion where the Krebs cycle takes place is called?

76. Reduced – reduction is the gaining of electrons
When oxygen accepts electrons at the end of the electron transport has oxygen been reduced to oxidized?

77. Water
When oxygen accepts electrons at the end of the electron transport chain what is produced?

78. When NADH loses electrons to become NAD+ this process is called?
Oxidation
When NADH loses electrons to become NAD+ this process is called?

79. What 3 types of information can be gained from the following name?
1. The molecule contains 2 phosphate groups.
2. It is a 6-carbon molecule.
3. The phosphate groups are located on the #1 and #6 carbons.
What 3 types of information can be gained from the following name?
Fructose - 1, 6 diphosphate

80. What is the ultimate goal of cellular respiration?
To produce ATP.
What is the ultimate goal of cellular respiration?

81. Where does the Krebs cycle occur?
In the matrix of the mitochondria.
Where does the Krebs cycle occur?

82. Write the balanced equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O CO2 + 6H2O + About 38 ATP
Write the balanced equation for cellular respiration?

83. ATP
The electrons from NADH and FADH2 are used to produce what during the Electron Transport Chain?

84. Fermentation

85. What is the by-product of fermentation in animal cells?
Lactic Acid
What is the by-product of fermentation in animal cells?

86. Muscle cells, some fungi, and some bacteria.
Yeast
What types of organisms produce lactic acids when using fermentations to produce energy?

87. Muscle cells, some fungi, and some bacteria.
Yeast
What types of organisms produce ethyl alcohol when using fermentations to produce energy?

88. Muscle cells, some fungi, and some bacteria.
Yeast
When yeast produces ethyl alcohol during fermentation what gas is released?

89. Muscle cells, some fungi, and some bacteria.
Yeast
What is the by-product of fermentation in animal cells, fungi, and bacteria?

90. What is the by-product of fermentation in yeast?
Muscle cells, some fungi, and some bacteria.
Yeast
What is the by-product of fermentation in yeast?

91. A reaction that does not require oxygen is called?
Anaerobic
A reaction that does not require oxygen is called?

92. What is/are the by-product(s) of fermentation in yeast.
CO2 and ethyl alcohol.
What is/are the by-product(s) of fermentation in yeast.

93. If oxygen is not present what happens after glycolysis?
Fermentation.
If oxygen is not present what happens after glycolysis?

94. How will animal and yeast cells make energy when no oxygen is present?
Through Glycolysis and Fermentation
How will animal and yeast cells make energy when no oxygen is present?