1. Cellular Respiration

2. Cellular respiration: general information
ATP = adenosine triphosphate
Diagram showing the molecular structure of ATP

3. Cellular respiration: general information
ATP = adenosine triphosphate
How does ATP give us energy?
Diagram showing hydrolysis of ATP

4. So, energy produced in one reaction can ‘drive’ another reaction
How?
Redox reactions

5. Cellular respiration: general information
ATP = adenosine triphosphate
How does ATP give us energy?
ATP formation
Begins with glucose
Series of redox reactions
mitochondria
Diagram of mitochondrion showing organization of cristae and matrix

6. Cellular respiration: general information
ATP = adenosine triphosphate
How does ATP give us energy?
ATP formation
Another important molecule
NADH
Diagram of the reversible redox reaction between NAD+ and NADH

7. Cellular respiration
ATP formation, needs oxygen
3 general stages
Stage 1: glycolysis
(processing glucose)
General diagram showing the three stages in cellular respiration
This slide highlights stage1 as indicated.
Occurs in
cytoplasm
of cells

8. Cellular respiration
ATP formation, needs oxygen
3 general stages
Stage 1: glycolysis
(processing glucose)
Stage 2: Krebs Cycle
General diagram showing the three stages in cellular respiration
This slide highlights stage 2 as indicated.
Occurs in
cytoplasm
of cells
Occurs inside
Mitochondria, in
mitochondrial matrix

9. Cellular respiration
ATP formation, needs oxygen
3 general stages
Stage 1: glycolysis
(processing glucose)
Stage 2: Krebs Cycle
Stage 3: electron
transport
General diagram showing the three stages in cellular respiration
This slide highlights stage3 as indicated.
Occurs in
cytoplasm
of cells
Occurs inside
Mitochondria, in
mitochondrial matrix
Occurs inside
Mitochondria, in
Cristae membrane

10. Stage 1: glycolysis What goes in? What happens in this step?
GOAL = 29 ATP
What goes in?
Glucose (1)
What happens in this step?
Glucose broken down
ATP is used (initially)
10 reactions, each with own enzyme
What is the result?
2 pyruvate formed
2 ATPs formed net
2 NADH formed

11. STOP!
Remove game pieces from ‘glycolysis’ bag and place onto game board
The game pieces in this bag are:
1. Base A
2. Gear support
3. Gear 3
4. Crank – labeled ‘glucose’, students will turn this to set the entire game in motion
5. Gear 5
6. Stop sign – labeled ‘glycolysis’, this piece reflects the entire process of glycolysis
7. Lamp post
8. Shoe – labeled ‘pyruvate’, this piece represents the output molecule of glycolysis
9. Rubber band
When the crank is turned, the end result is the shoe is kicked forward.
Please refer to the manufacturer’s instructions for proper assembly.

12. Glycolysis Game pieces assembled to represent glycolysls Glycolysis
(3)
(2)
(1)
Turning the green ‘glucose’ crank sets the entire game in motion, much like glucose is the initial molecule used in cellular respiration.
Figure at the left left:
When the ‘glucose’ crank turns (1), the red stop sign will swing (2), causing the shoe to kick forward (3), ending this part of the game. The shoe is labeled pyruvate to represent the end product of glycolysis.
Game pieces assembled to represent glycolysls
Glycolysis
location on MousetrapTM gameboard

13. Stage 1: glycolysis What goes in? What happens in this step?
GOAL = 29 ATP
What goes in?
Glucose (1)
What happens in this step?
Glucose broken down
ATP is used (initially)
10 reactions, each with own enzyme
What is the result?
2 pyruvate formed
2 ATPs formed net
2 NADH formed
How is it regulated?
Glycolysis -2 ATP
+4 ATP
+2 NADH
total +2 NADH
+2 ATP

14. Stage 2: Krebs Cycle What goes in? What happens in this step?
GOAL = 29 ATP
What goes in?
Pyruvate (formed during glycolysis, transported into mitochondria)
What happens in this step?
Pyruvate converted to Acetyl CoA (initially)
2 NADH produced
Acetyl CoA starts Krebs Cycle
8 reactions
What is the result?
Cycle turns twice
6 CO2
6 NADH
2 FADH2
2 ATP

15. STOP!
Remove game pieces from ‘Krebs Cycle’ bag and place onto game board
The game pieces in this bag are:
1. Stairway – this piece is labeled ‘Krebs Cycle’ (a series of steps)
2. Front and back legs to stairway
3. Bucket – labeled ‘Acetyl CoA’, the bucket is placed at the top of the stairway and will initiate/trigger this part of the game, much like acetyl CoA is the molecule that enters the Krebs Cycle
4. Rain gutter – the red gutter is labeled ‘NADH and FADH2 produced’. It connects to the bottom of the stairway and represents the output molecules of the Krebs Cycle
**one of the metal marbles is used here – the metal marble goes into the bucket, it will travel down the stairway and in the gutter when the game is set in motion
Please refer to the manufacturer’s instructions for proper assembly.

16. Krebs Cycle Game pieces assembled to represent Krebs Cycle Krebs Cycle
(1)
(2)
(3)
Krebs Cycle is a series of steps. The stairway represents those steps.
Acetyl CoA is the molecule that enters the Kreb’s Cycle. The bucket placed at the top of the stairs is the piece that initiates movement to this part of the game. A metal marble is placed into the bucket to reflect the transition between stages.
NADH and FADH2 are produced in the Krebs Cycle. Both are then used in oxidative phosphorylation. The metal marble moves through this part of the game by traveling through the gutter and onto the next stage.
Figure at the left:
When the green shoe (in glycolysis) kicks forward, it will knock over the bucket labeled ‘acetyl coA’ (1), this will cause the marble to travel down the steps labeled ‘Krebs Cycle’ (2), and go into the red rain gutter (3) to the next part of the game.
Game pieces assembled to represent Krebs Cycle
Krebs Cycle
location on MousetrapTM gameboard

17. Stage 2: Krebs Cycle What goes in? What happens in this step?
GOAL = 29 ATP
What goes in?
Pyruvate (formed during glycolysis, transported into mitochondria)
What happens in this step?
Pyruvate converted to Acetyl CoA (initially)
2 NADH produced
Acetyl CoA starts Krebs Cycle
8 reactions
What is the result?
Cycle turns twice
6 CO2
6 NADH
2 FADH2
2 ATP
How is it regulated?
Glycolysis -2 ATP +4 ATP +2 NADH
total +2 ATP
Krebs Cycle +6 NADH
+2 FADH2
+2 ATP
Total now = 4 ATP

18. Stage 3: electron transport chain
GOAL = 29 ATP
What goes in?
NADH (produced in steps 1 and 2)
FADH2 (produced in step 2)
What happens in this step?
Series of reactions beginning with NADH and FADH2
Oxygen is final electron acceptor
Energy released from reactions pumps protons across cristae membrane
Gradient of protons
Protons go back across membrane through a proton channel linked to ATP synthase
ATP is formed
What is the result?
25 ATP (WOW!)

19. Stage 3: electron transport chain
GOAL = 29 ATP
What goes in?
NADH (produced in steps 1 and 2)
FADH2 (produced in step 2)
What happens in this step?
Series of reactions beginning with NADH and FADH2
Oxygen is final electron acceptor
Energy released from reactions pumps protons across cristae membrane
Gradient of protons
Protons go back across membrane through a proton channel linked to ATP synthase
ATP is formed
What is the result?
25 ATP (WOW!)
Glycolysis -2 ATP +4 ATP +2 NADH
form +2 ATP
Krebs Cycle +6 NADH
+2 FADH2
Electron ATP
transport
Total 29 ATP

20. STOP!
Remove game pieces from ‘electron transport chain’ bag and place onto game board
This part of the game is the most complex. Consequently, it has the most game pieces associated with it. These game pieces are:
1. Base B
2. Plumbing
3. helping hand
4. thing-a-ma-jig – labeled ‘NADH and FADH2’; this is the first game piece in this stage of the game and represents NADH and FADH2 (produced in the Krebs Cycle) that enter the electron transport chain
5. Bathtub – labeled ‘O2’ on the inside and ‘redox reaction’ on the outside. The bathtub represents the electron transport chain, which has oxygen as its final electron acceptor.
6. diving board – labeled ‘H+ pumped gradient’, the diving board piece combines with the diver (labeled ‘H+’) to represent the movement of protons across the cristae membrane
7. Diver – labeled ‘H+’
8. Washtub – labeled ‘ATP synthase’ on the outside and ‘H+ channel’ on the inside, The movement of protons through the proton channel associated with ATP synthase results in the formation of ATP. As this part of the game is put into motion, the diver (representing protons) ‘jumps’ into the washtub (proton channel). This represents the movement of protons back across the cristae membrane through the proton channel associated with ATP synthase.
9. cage base C
10. cage post
11. Cage – labeled ‘ATP synthase’ When the diver ‘jumps’ into the washtub, this cage falls down trapping the mice
** the mice are used here. Mice – each labeled ‘ATP’; are positioned under the cage and will be ‘caught’ at the end of the game. Catching the mice represents making ATP.
** one metal marble is also used in this part of the game – the marble is placed on the thing-a-ma-jig and will pass through the bathtub, reflecting electron movement through the electron transport chain
Please refer to the manufacturer’s instructions for proper assembly.

21. Electron Transport Chain
(1)
(6)
(2)
(5)
(3)
(4)
Figure at the left:
The ‘thing-a-ma-jig’ is the first game piece in this stage of the game (1). It represents the NADH and FADH2 that enter the electron transport chain. A metal marble is placed on this piece to transition to this part of the game.
The bathtub (2) represents the electron transport chain, a series of redox reactions with oxygen as the final electron acceptor. The metal marble from the previous step is used to reflect electron movement; it passes through the bathtub (redox reactions) and out the hole at the bottom (labeled O2).
The metal marble will hit the end of the diving board (3). This game piece combines with the diver to represent the movement of protons (diver) across the cristae membrane, forming a proton gradient. The diver represents protons that are pumped across the cristae membrane as electrons are transferred through the electron transport chain. The movement of protons through the proton channel associated with ATP synthase results in the formation of ATP.
When the metal marble hits the end of the diving board (3), it causes the diver (4) to ‘jump’ into the washtub (5) (proton channel). This represents the movement of protons back across the cristae membrane through the proton channel associated with ATP synthase.
When the diver ‘jumps’ into the washtub, the cage (6) falls down trapping the mice, which are labeled ‘ATP’ (not shown in figure)
Game pieces assembled to represent the electron transport chain
Electron transport chain
location on MousetrapTM gameboard

22. Now that the game is assembled...
Discuss the process of cellular respiration now that the three stages are connected on the game board
Have students identify the ‘start’ and ‘end’ for each of the 3 stages on the game board
Ask what happens if one component (such as oxygen) is removed
Ask what happens if one of the stages is removed

23. Make ATP (catch the mouse)
Ask the students to trigger the game by turning the crank labeled ‘glucose’
Observe what happens
Discuss

24. For reference
Videos on youtube showing the overall flow/movement of the game