1. The Rise of American Business

2. Transcontinental Railroad
The biggest contributor was the Federal Gov’t
They gave land & money

3. Corporations Huge businesses Shares of stock were sold
Stock-a piece of a company
The sales of stock brought in large amounts of investment capital.
Capital=Money

4. One company controls all of a business or industry

5. Entrepreneurs
Ambitious people who take control of businesses & industries.
Robber Barons: term that made these people sound evil, like they made their fortunes robbing people.
Captains of Industry: term that made these people sound great, like they were helping the workers out by providing jobs.

6. Andrew Carnegie Leader of the steel industry
Controlled all aspects of steel making
Iron Mines
Steel Refineries
Bessemer Process
Shipping

8. John D Rockefeller Standard Oil Trust
Controlled 95 % of the oil industry
Bought out smaller competitors
Was able to secure cheap shipping prices

9. J. Piermont Morgan Banking Later bought Carnegie Steel
Renames U.s. Steel

11. The Gov’t * Business
The Gov’t always supports businesses at the expense of the common person
Laissez-Faire- the gov’t let businesses do whatever they wanted to do
Social Darwinism-survival of the fittest; the strong businesses survived at the expense of the weak

12. Factory Work
Was brutal
Long hours, Low pay
No breaks
No benefits

16. Knights of Labor
The 1st real labor union
Lacked focus
Powderly

17. AFL
The American Federation of Labor
Samuel Gompers

18. AFL A series of craft unions Was a success
Collective Bargaining-when union leaders negotiate with factory owners

19. Labor Unions Goals Shorter Work Day Better working conditions Benefits
Vacations

20. Strikes Great Railway Strike Haymarket Riot Homestead Strike
Pullman Strike
Textile Strike
They all fail because the federal gov’t supports the owners

24. Urban Life
Crowded
Dirty
Poor

25. Jane Addams
Hull House-Education services to the poor

26. Women's Suffrage Fight for the right to vote Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Susan B. Anthony
Lucretia Mott
Alice Paul
19th Amendment 1920-women finally obtain the right to vote

27. Immigration Immigrants come to this country Willing to work for cheap
Labor Unions despise them because they undercut their cause
Settle in the cities
ghettos

28. Boss System
System in which a political “boss” ran things behind the scenes
Was almost always corrupt
The boss would be the 1st to greet immigrants
Got jobs and houses for them
In turn the immigrants supported the boss and voted for the bosses people

29. Boss Tweed Corrupt, unofficial leader of NYC Tammany Hall
Embezzled millions from the city

31. Reactions against Immigrants
Nativism-intense hatred of immigrants
Know-Nothing Party-would terrorize immigrants and claim to “know nothing” about what was happening
Labor Unions hated them
Immigrants from southern + eastern Europe as well as Asia were especially hated because they were different.

32. Anti-Immigrant Legislation
Quotas-limit on the number of immigrants
Emergency Quota Act of 1921-limited the # of immigrants
National Origins Act-further reduced immigration
Chinese Exclusion Act-limited Chinese immigration
Gentlemen’s Agreement-kept Japanese immigrants out