1. Reformation

2. Spanish Inquisition
Spanish Inquisition - Spanish attempt to drive out Muslims in Spain
Started around time of the Crusades
Courts were held to put “heretics” – people who weren’t Christian
Thousands of people were killed for being non-Christian

3. Around 1440, Johann Gutenberg developed a printing press that incorporated new technology
With it, he was able to print books faster and cheaper
His first book printed was the bible
The first books printed were religious and later, he turned to travel guides and medical manuals

4. Over the centuries people began to criticize its practices
By the 10th century (900’s), the Catholic church had come to dominate religious life in Northern and Western Europe
Over the centuries people began to criticize its practices
Felt church leaders were too interested in worldly pursuits like wealth and political power

5. By 1500, other forces weakened the church
The Renaissance emphasis on the secular
Individuals challenged church authority
Rulers challenged the churches political power
Northern merchants resented paying church taxes to Rome
The printing press spread secular ideas

6. Reform Leads to Rebellion
People started having higher expectations for the clergy
People began to advocate reform – change
The actions of one man who criticized the church would lead to rebellion

7. Martin Luther Nov 10, Feb 18, 1546
Martin Luther: Monk who rebelled against Catholic Church, started Reformation
Luther wanted to be a good Christian
To show his devotion, he became a monk and taught scripture
Noticed Catholic Church was becoming corrupt
In 1517, Luther decided to take a stand against the practice of indulgence or pardons from sins for money

8. He posted his Theses to the church door
Troubled by this act, Luther wrote the 95 Theses or formal statements attacking church practices
He posted his Theses to the church door
They were sent to the printer, and spread quickly across Germany
His actions started the Reformation or the movement for religious reform

9. Charles V – Holy Roman Emperor
Charles made Luther stand trial at Worms for his actions against the church
He told Luther to recant his statements but Luther refused
A month Later, Charles V proclaimed Luther an outlaw and a heretic in the Edict of Worms
No one was to shelter him or give him food
All books were to be burned

10. Luther returns from hiding in 1522
He sees that many of his teachings were being put into practice
Instead of seeking church reform, Luther and his followers became a separate religious group

11. They were called Lutherans or religious group based on teachings of Martin Luther
Peasants start to follow Luther and rebel against the church
Luther rejects the idea of violent rebellion

12. Many princes remained loyal to the pope
Many princes remained loyal to the pope. However some were loyal to Luther
The supporters of Luther signed a protest against the loyal princes
Group became known as Protestants or those who protested the Catholic Church

13. England Becomes Protestant
King Henry VIII was king of England during the Renaissance
He has problems producing an heir with his wife, so he asks the Pope to annul (a divorce) their marriage
When the Pope refuses, Henry declares England Protestant and breaks off from the Catholic Curch

14. When Elizabeth became queen, she made England Protestant again
Following the death of Henry, there are several less powerful kings that attempt to make England Catholic again.
When Elizabeth became queen, she made England Protestant again
In 1559, Parliament created the Anglican Church or Church of England with Elizabeth as its head
This became the official church in England

15. To try and make it appealing to both Protestant and Catholics, Elizabeth made some changes
1. Priests could marry
2. Services could be in English
3. Priests could continue wearing the rich robes
4. Services would contain many Catholic teachings

16. The Reformation Continues
New figure arises in Reformation, John Calvin - He claimed that men were sinful by nature
Years later, when Protestantism took hold, Calvin wrote books about expressing his ideas on God, salvation, and human nature

17. He also taught that God knows who will be saved- called predestination
Predestination became the core beliefs of Calvinism or the teachings based on John Calvin
Calvin taught that the ideal government was a theocracy (government run by religious officials)

18. The Catholic Reformation
Even though millions were responding to the Protestant Reformation, many more stayed true to the Catholic Church
Catholic Reformation or the church reforming itself to make it more appealing to followers

19. As part of the Catholic Reformation, the pope called for church leaders to meet at Trent, in northern Italy
At the Council of Trent Church meeting where Catholic leaders to discuss changes in the church.
Church interpretation of Bible was final
Christians need good works and faith to be saved
The Bible AND Church traditions are equal
Indulgences are ok but false selling of them is banned

20. Legacy of Reformation
Many new denominations or religious churches were formed from the Reformation
The Catholic church became more unified
Monarchs started to take more power for themselves
The questioning of beliefs led to the Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution
Ultimately led to the overthrow of governments and the creation of countries

21. Protestants Anabaptist Anglican / Episcopal Baptist
Congregational (United Church of Christ)
Evangelicalism
Lutheran
Methodist / Wesleyan and the Holiness movement
Pentecostal and Charismatic
Presbyterian
Quakerism Reformed Restoration movement
Seventh-Day Adventists