1. Indepdendence from Water: Vascular Tissue
April 4th 2016

2. Plants living in water and Mosses do not have vascular tissue

3. Capillary action is the ability of water to move against gravity because of surface tension and cohesive forces

4. Mosses do not actively move water, instead they move via capillary action
However, capillary action is limited in its ability to transport water.
Large plants must have other ways to transport water.

5. Vascular Tissue
Specialized tissue in plants that transport water, nutrients and the products of photosynthesis
Exists in all Tracheophytes (Pteropsida, gymnosperms and angiosperms)

6. Vascular Tissue Xylem: primarily for water and nutrients transport
Phloem: primarily for transport of sugars
Which way are these substances moved?

7. Vascular Tissue
Xylem: transports water upwards
Phloem: transports sugars up and down by active transport

8. Vascular Tissue
Xylem: made up of tracheid cells that have died
Phloem: living cells with interconnected cytoplasm

9. Roots, Stems and Leaves
Roots: actively transport nutrients and water into the plant
Epidermis, cortex and vascular cylinder

11. Roots, Stems and Leaves
Cortex cells will actively (using energy) transport nutrients into the vascular bundle.
The water will move into the xylem via osmosis.
Creates Root Pressure

12. Roots, Stems and Leaves
Root Pressure: actively pushes water against gravity
But it can only go so far…

13. Roots, Stems and Leaves
Celery Stick Experiment

14. Roots, Stems and Leaves
Celery stalk: Water moved up
Celery Stalk with plastic wrap: water did not move up
Celery Stalk with plastic wrap and leaves: water did move up

15. Roots, Stems and Leaves
What we can conclude from this experiment is that something in the stalk and leaves is helping the water to move upwards in the xylem as well

16. Roots, Stems and Leaves
Transpiration: evaporation from leaves helps to move water upwards from the roots.

17. Roots, Stems and Leaves
Plants allow evaporation through the stomata
They are made up of two guard cells
Also the site of gas exchange (CO2)