1. Revolution & New Constitution
Problems in France
3 Estates
Storming of Bastille
Revolution & New Constitution
From King to an Emperor
Reign of Terror
Versailles Napoleon Taxes Famine

2. French Revolution
King Louis XVI in the monarch, and is married to Marie Antoinette

3. Problems in France
Debt – Govt. was bankrupt from fighting wars and the king spending money on his lifestyle
Famine – heavy rain and hard winters led to three consecutive years of bad harvests. Therefore, there wasn’t enough food and what there was was expensive
Estates General? = About 1,000 representatives who were members from each class that were supposed to help inform the king. That hadn’t met since 1614.

4. 3 Estates 1st = clergy (the Church) 2nd = Nobles
3rd = Bourgeoisie/peasants (90% of the pop.)
Bourgeoisie = middle class
Don’t pay taxes/only ones allowed to have high ranking positions in govt/military

5. The Third Estate suggested that the king begin taxing everyone to help the economy
The First and Second Estates out voted them.
The king still wanted money
How do you think the Third Estate feels?

6. Storming of Bastille, 7/14/1789
Bastille = Royal Fortress/Prison (built during the 100 years war against_________)
Symbol of the govt
Killed the governor
Soldiers refused to stop the attack, showing the king had lost control
Peasants were attacking their lords (burning property, barns, land)
Burned Feudal Documents that show who owes the lords (basically your bank account)

7. Revolution & New Constitution
The 3rd Estate renamed itself the National Assembly. Since they were 90+% of the population, they felt like they should be able to have fair representation in voting.
They wanted to have a democratic government like _________
On June 20th 1789 they created a new Constitution about how France would be run and refused to leave until the King agreed = Tennis Court Oath. This LIMITED the King’s Power

8. Declaration of Rights the Rights of Man = New Constitution
No more required church tithes
No feudal dues
Assembly needed to be elected every 2 year
New taxation system based on income
Church land was nationalized (sold) to pay off debt
Liberté, égalité, fraternité = National French Motto
French for "Liberty, equality, fraternity (brotherhood)
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 1789 defined Equality as:
The law "must be the same for all, whether it protects or punishes. All citizens, being equal in its eyes, shall be equally eligible to all high offices, public positions and employments, according to their ability, and without other distinction than that of their virtues and talents."

9. Tennis Court Oath

10. Even though King Louis XVI agreed to the National Assembly's demands, he didn’t like it
King attempted to escape from France in June 1791 to try and rally help. This was considered treason
King executed in 1793
He was the first victim of the Reign of Terror

11. Reign of Terror
anyone suspected of anti-revolutionary activities or helping France’s enemies were sent to the guillotine
The Jacobins became the emergency government leaders after the king was executed
There were a group called the Jacobins that declared “Terror is the order of the day!”
-you’re either with us or against us
-Used violence, death, scare-tactics to get people to change
12, 000 executed

12. Reign of Terror

13. From King to an Emperor
Napoleon Bonaparte was a general in the army, helped lead France in many battles against its foreign and internal enemies
Saved Paris from a Coup d'état of the Royalist (people that still supported the monarchy), the people elected him First Consul (leader)
Coup d'état = overthrow the government
He named himself the Emperor
After years of instability, the people of France wanted a strong government with unlimited power