1. Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan. Nigeria
Abstract
Final ID: 1081
ETHANOL EXTRACT OF ECLIPTA ALBA LEAF SUPPRESSES SODIUM ARSENITE-INDUCED GENOTOXICITY AND HEPATOTOXICITY IN MALE WISTAR RATS
Odunola, Oyeronke A*.; Fashina, Nelson O.; Iloba, Ifeanyi M.; Gbadegesin, Michael A.; Adegoke Ayodeji M.; Olugbami, Olorunjuwon J.
Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan. Nigeria. 2African Indigenous Knowledge Production Unit, Faculty of Arts, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.. E.mail: Mobile No: .
ABSTRACT
RESULTS
INTRODUCTION A B B C D E G H A F
Enzyme Activities (U/I)
Arsenic speciation and contamination of ground and geothermal water in addition to its presence in mining effluents make exposure to arsenicals almost unavoidable especially in developing countries of the world (IARC, 2004). In this regard, there has been an increased search for commonly used herbs which may be more acceptable in the management of arsenic induced-toxicities and carcinogenesis in man in our laboratory and others (Sharma et al., 2009; Gbadegesin and Odunola, 2010; Odunola et al., 2011).
Eclipta alba (L.), the “False daisy” is one of such herbs noted for its use as a rejuvenating, age sustaining tonic, for treatment of spleen and liver enlargement and for blackening and growth of hair among others (Roy et al. 2008; Thorat et. al. 2010).
Arsenic contamination of underground/well water in developing countries of the world is a major health concern for man and animals, thus the search for other co-toxicants and potent remedies. The herbal therapeutic use of Eclipta alba in the management of ulcer, diarhoea, constipation and pile have been documented. We investigated the effects of the ethanol leaf extract of Eclipta alba (ELEA) on sodium arsenite (SA) induced-genotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats. Twenty male rats were divided into four groups of five rats each. Group I received distilled water only. Group II rats were treated with SA (5.0mg/kg b.w.) once in two days and Group III with ELEA (200mg/kg b.w./day). Group IV received SA (5.0mg/kg b.w.) and ELEA (200mg/kg b.w.) simultaneously. All treatments were oral and for fourteen days. The activities of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyl transferase (γGT), alanine (ALT) and aspartate (AST) amino transferases were monitored as markers for hepatotoxicity. In addition, genotoxicity was investigated using the micronucleus assay. The mPCEs as well as the serum enzyme activities were significantly (p˂0.05) increased by SA as compared with the negative control group. There was no difference observed in mPCEs and serum enzyme activities in ELEA only group as compared to distilled water only group. A significant reduction (p˂0.05) in mPCEs and serum ALP, ALT and AST activities were observed in groups treated with SA and ELEA simultaneously, as compared with SA only group. In conclusion, ethanol extract of Eclipta alba leaves suppresses sodium arsenite induced genotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in rats. C D
Figure 4: Photomicrograph of liver sections of the test and control animals. A. Negative control (No visible lesion); B. SA only (Moderate periportal and extensive cellular infiltration and fibrosis); C. ELEA only (No visible lesion); D. SA + ELEA (Moderate periportal and extensive cellular infiltration).
Treatment Groups
Figure 1: Serum activities of γGT, ALP, ALT and AST after treatment with ethanol leaf extract of Eclipta alba (L.) and sodiun arsenite. (A) Negative control (B) SA only (C) ELEA only (D) SA + ELEA. Data expressed as mean ± S.D. (n=5).
CONCLUSION
OBJECTIVE
nMPCEs
Ethanol leaf extract of Eclipta alba (L) suppresses sodium arsenite -induced genotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in male wistar rats. The extract may therefore be a good source of chemopreventive agents for drug development.
To assess the effect of the ethanol leaf extract of Eclipta alba on sodium arsenite-induced genotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats.
METHODOLOGY
REFERENCES *
The ethanol leaf extract of Eclipta alba (L.) (ELEA) was obtained by soaking the air dried and minced leaves in 70%v/v ethanol for 72 hours, followed by sieving and concentration in a rotary evaporator at 40oC. The extract was stored at 4oC. Sodium arsenite was dissolved in distilled water and administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight corresponding to 1/5th of the oral LD50 of the salt (Preston et al., 1987). The rats were treated and sacrificed following the standard rules as laid down by the University of Ibadan Ethics Committee on the treatment of experimental animals. Serum activities of γGT, ALP, ALT and AST were monitored using diagnostic kits. The number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (nMPCEs) induced in the bone marrows of treated and control rats was scored (Heddle and Salmone, 1981). Histopathological examination of their liver samples was also carried out. Results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation while differences between groups were analysed using ANOVA.
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Heddle, J.A. and Salmone, M.F. (1981). The micronucleus assay I : In vivo. In Stitich, H.F. and San, R.H.C (eds). Topics in Environmental Physiology and Medicine. Springer-Verlag, New York Heidelberg, Berlin pp
IARC (2004). Monographs on evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans. In some drinking water, disinfectants and contaminants, including arsenic, IARC Press, Lyon. Vol. 84, pp
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Thorat, A., Jadhav, V, Gaikwad, D and Jadhav, S. (2010). Int Res. J Phar, 1(1): 77 – 80.
Treatment Groups
Figure 2: Frequency of induction of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (mPCEs) in rat bone marrow cells after treatment with ethanol leaf extract of Eclipta alba (L.) and sodiun arsenite. (A) Negative control (B) SA only (C) ELEA only (D) SA + ELEA. Data expressed as mean ± S.D. (n=5).
Number of Cells/mm2 .
Treatment Groups
Figure 3: Number of liver cells/mm2 after treatment with ethanol leaf extract of Eclipta alba (L.) and sodiun arsenite.. (A) Negative control (B) SA only (C) ELEA only (D) SA + ELEA. Data expressed as mean ± S.D. (n=5).
Eclipta alba with white flower (Jaglan et al. 2013)
Presented at the 54th Annual Meeting and ToxExpoTM of the Society of Toxicology, San Diego, California, March 22-26, 2015