1. Quiz THIS WEDNESDAY Do the reading of the week Focus on the Sub-Sections QUIZ QUESTION WILL BE ON ONE OF THEM DEADLINE FOR ASSIGNMENT 1 THIS WEDNESDAY (For those who have not submitted due to add/drop period)

2. How to read an article/book chapter?
Read the title
What does the title promise for the book/chapter/article?
2. Read from the outside in
Quickly read the introduction or the first two paragraphs and the conclusion or the last two paragraphs.
You should have a good idea of the major themes and arguments
3. You are now finally ready to read in earnest
This is not light reading. Identify and highlight topic sentences and the most important paragraphs.
4. Take notes
You may want to produce a brief outline of the chapter/article based on the questions the author is trying to address.

3. REVIEW
TRANSFORMATION
FROM A FRONTIER PRINCIPALITY INTO AN EMPIRE
What were the major political powers in Anatolia and the Balkans in the thirteenth century?
Where were some of the major challenges and opportunities for the Ottoman principality?

6. What were some of the factors that contributed to the success of the Ottoman beylik in the fourteenth century?
A successful “international” alliance through marriage
1344 Orhan Bey marries Kantakozenos’ daughter
Building an inclusive polity and society
Example: under Orhan Bey `subaşı` of Bursa was Koskos; and that the `subaşı` of Biga was Mavrozoumis. P.53
Chance factor
1354 Gelibolu Castle falls to the Ottomans after an earthquake
Successful consilidation of power
Formation of a central army through pençik during Murad I’s reign ( )
(to increase the power of the sultan vis-à-vis the gazis)

7. TODAYS LECTURE OTTOMAN SOCIETY Building an empire and its ruling elite Empire and the subjects

8. Map of Ottoman Expansion, 1300-1700

9. Imperial Project of Mehmed II
Territorial Expansion
- Komnenis in Trabzon
- Karamanids in Konya
- Akkoyunlus in eastern Anatolia
and Iran
Balkans
-Serbian and Bosnian kingdoms
-Albanian lords
-Wallachia
Black Sea
-Kaffa and Azov from the Genoese
-Khans of Crimea became Ottoman vassals
Aegean
-Genoese holdings
-the Duchy of Athens
-Venetians

10. Medal of Mehmet II, Bertoldo Di Giovanni, 1480s
Inscribed (obverse): Mavmet Asie ac Trapesunzis Magne que Gretie Imperat. (Mehmed, emperor of Asia and Trebizond and Great Greece)
Inscribed (reverse) Gretie/Trapesunty/Asie (Greece, Treibizond, Asia)

12. THE RULERS AND THE RULED
Ruling elite (askeri)
Sultan and his household
Army
central army (janissaries, kapıkulu sipahi etc)
timar-holding cavalry
Bureocrats
Religio-administrative cadre (ulema, sing. alim)
Privileges including tax exemption
The subjects (reaya)
Peasants, town and city dwellers, and nomads.
Both Muslim and non-Muslim.

13. Topkapı Palace, view from the Bosphorus

15. Recruitment of Children from Arifi, Süleymanname, (Book of Süleyman), dating ca. 1558

16. Janissary recruits playing musical instruments, from Johannes Lewenklaw’s history,, dating from 1586

17. I.Central army stationed in the capital *Janissaries (infantry)
Ottoman Army
I.Central army stationed in the
capital
*Janissaries (infantry)
*Cavalry of the Porte
II. Provincial Cavalry
Timarlı sipahi
timar: exchange of rights over territory in return for military service
Sultan Süleyman at the Battle of Mohacs (Hungary) Osman, Hünername, (Book of Skills), dating from second half of the 16th cent.

18. A public council meeting at the second court Lokman, Hünername, (Book of Skills), dating from ca

19. Seated Scribe, Gentile Bellini, 1479–81

20. Gazanfer Ağa medresesi. Divân-i Nâdirî.

21. Cafer Aga Medresesi, late sixteenth century, view of the courtyard

22. Illuminated title page from the Sultan Süleyman’s Divan-ı Muhibbi, transcribed by Mehmed Serif, Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi, R. 738, dating from 1565/66.

23. Muslims and non-muslims `zimmi `status

24. Venetian and Genoese trade routes

25. What is this building?

26. Vezir Hanı, Aleppo, 1683

27. Vezir Hanı, Aleppo, 1683

28. Vezir Hanı, Aleppo, 1683

29. Aleppo

30. TODAYS LECTURE OTTOMAN SOCIETY Building an empire and its ruling elite Empire and the subjects