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The Scientific Method
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What is the Scientific Method?
The scientific method is a series of steps to follow when answering a question or solving a problem
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Why is it important? It is important to know the scientific method so that you will be able to design your own science fair project.
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The most important thing to do with regard to the steps of the scientific method is to follow directions!!
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Steps of the Scientific Method
Purpose/Question Research Hypothesize Experiment (Procedure and Materials) Observe and Record Analyze Conclusion/Share Results
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Question/Purpose/Problem
Observe and wonder about a science topic Ask “What do I want to learn more about?” or “I wonder what would happen if?”
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Research What is already known about the topic?
Research to make an educated guess to answer your question.
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Hypothesis(Educated Guess)
A prediction about the outcome of an experiment.
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Right or Wrong A hypothesis can be right or wrong. Always explain whether it was right or wrong in your conclusion.
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Experiment Follow steps to test your hypothesis.
Your experiment will require 1. Materials – things you need to do the experiment. 2. Procedure – organized steps to follow to perform the experiment
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Variables Experimental variable is the variable that is changed during the experiment. Sometimes called a independent variable. The control of the experiment or the controlling variables are the variables where no changes are made. All variables are the same.
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Responding Variable/Dependent Variable
What you measure or observe to obtain your results.
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Observation and Record
Make careful observations and write down what happens.
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Types of Data Data is information collected during a science experiment Always record what you see happening. Quantitative Data – uses numbers, for example measurements. Tables and graphs (bar, line, or pie graphs) are used to present your quantitative data Qualitative Data – something you notice using your five senses
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Trials Trial is another word for test. A scientist may perform several trials of an experiment to determine results.
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Analyze Organize and use your information (data) to communicate the results of your experiment and to draw conclusions. Was your hypothesis correct?
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Conclusion/Share Results
Statement that sums up what you learn. The conclusion answers your question and summarizes your experiment and results. It must state whether your hypothesis was right or wrong.
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