1. Why Check Hardness? * Hardness Testing Presented by Willrich Precision
Ph /
Created by Walter Wardzala, Major Instrument Sales Specialist

2. Materials Testing Hardness Tensile Charpy Impact Fatigue Ductility
Corrosion Testing
Structure
Hardness

3. 6 Properties of Materials
Stiffness — resists deformation
Toughness — resists failure, even after deforming
Strength — resists both deformation and failure
Ductility — deforms before it breaks
Brittleness — breaks before it deforms
Hardness — resists dents, scratches, and other permanent changes under compressive force
(Malleability-Elasticity-Plasticity…)

4. Indentation Hardness Testing Resistance to penetration
Brinell
Vickers
Rockwell (Superficial-Microficial)
Scratch Test
Durometers
Leeb (Impact)
Birkovich

5. Resistance to Penetration
NOT a fundamental property of material
i.e like Tensile Strength or Density
Rockwell is a unit less value (like percentage)
Vickers Load over Area / Pascals/ mPA-gPA

6. Machinability- Tool Life
Why Check Hardness?
Machinability- Tool Life
Wear Properties
Corrosion Resistance
Fatigue/ Life Cycle
Annealing
Cost Savings
Because you have to!

8. How hard do you expect it to be? Customer might give you:
The most important question!
How hard do you expect it to be?
Customer might give you:
Test Method
Load
Scale
Indenter
Conversions

9. Baby Brinell (187.5 kgf or LESS)
Mitutoyo Hardness Testers
HH 300 Durometers
HH 411 Rebound (Leeb) (HLx) Type
Baby Brinell (187.5 kgf or LESS)
HV 100 Heavy Load Vickers
HM 200 Electro Magnetic Micro Hardness
HR Series Rockwell Type
New Top Secret HR Testers

11. Durometers A & D Scales Only Supported (out of 12)
Dial and digital, test stands are recommended

12. HH411 HL(scale) D most common Mass, surface and thickness sensitive
ASTM A956

13. Brinell The First Widely Accepted Hardness Test
1897
10mm Ball
kgf
Low Power Scope

15. Light force (Baby) Brinell Be careful what you wish for
Light force (Baby) Brinell Be careful what you wish for! Yes we can do tests up to kgf
US Thinks of Brinell as:
500 kgf. to 3000 kgf. and 10 mm ball
ISO Thinks of Brinell as:
1kgf to kgf
1mm, 2.5mm, 5mm and 10mm ball

16. Macro Vickers Rockwell-like construction
1 kgf. and over
Common Euro and Japanese test
Best surface not required

17. HV100 Macro Vickers HV110 1-50 kgf. HV120 .3-30 kgf.
Automatic Dead Weight System
10X lens Standard (2 to 100X optional)

18. Micro Vickers
Less than 1 kgf.
micron d typical

19. Case / Gradient Hardness Most common type application

20. Typical Knoop Traverse

21. Vickers/ Knoop All testers come with Vickers indenters
A Knoop indenter may replace it or HM machines can add a second indenter assembly

22. HM210 Micro Vickers New HM210 Closed loop force control
Motorized turret
Up to 4 lenses (Retrofitable)
Up to 2 Indenters
gf. Adjustable
LED Illumination
Note: No vise/fixturing is included.

23. HM220 Light Load Micro Vickers
New HM220
Closed loop force control
gf Adjustable
Adjustable Loading rates (11-60 microns/ sec)
Motorized Turret
Up to 4 lenses ( Service Retrofitable)
Up to 2 Indenters (Factory only)
Standard “Package” 10X, 50X, 100X $25,975
Actually $2.800 less than previous models!

24. HM/HV Automation

25. A CCTV can be added for easier viewing.
HM 210/220 Type A Tester
Uses a digital filar eyepiece where the operator manually determines the end points of the indentation.
A CCTV can be added for easier viewing.

27. HM 210/220 Type B Tester
A Type B tester deletes the control panel from the tester, removes the filar eyepiece, and all measurement is automatically performed by the software. Manual on screen measurement is possible.
A Type B utilizes the standard mechanical stage on an HM200 testers and will interface with an optional mechanical stage on the HV100

28. The Type C does not include automatic focus!!!
HM 210/220 Type C Tester
Type C Tester is similar to a Type B tester with the addition of a motorized X-Y Stage.
50x50mm or 100x100mm is available.
The Type C does not include automatic focus!!!

29. Complex programed patterns can be run without supervision.
HM 210/220 Type D Tester
The Type D tester is a fully automatic testing system with a motorized X-Y and Z axis.
Complex programed patterns can be run without supervision.

30. AVPak-10 Software (Type B-C-D Testers)

31. Minimum Thickness Charts
Why Rockwell?
World Wide Standards
ASTM E18
Very Common Test
Fast cycle time
The Scale defines all!
Minimum Thickness Charts
√ The Prints!

32. ASTM E18 Key Points Timing! Test on one side of block only!
Spacing of 3 diameters between indents
1 HR value is 80 millionths travel

33. Yellow indicates scales that can be performed with included indenters

34. Yellow indicates scales that can be performed with included indenters

35. 3 Components of Rockwell Testing
Load
Displacement
Indenter
TIMING!

37. New HR-Series In General: Economical Testers-Made in Brazil
Better Electronics-Conversions
Includes V and Flat anvils
Carbide Ball Indenter
All Dead Weight- Except HR521 top-of-the line

38. HR320MS MS model only - Rockwell and Superficial Scale conversions
Output
Adjustable Timing
Add a weight system**

39. HR430MR & HR430MS HR430MR Rockwell only model
HR430MS Rockwell/Superficial model
Auto-Brake/Start system
Scale Conversions
Dial a weight system

40. HR500 Series
Closed Loop Testers

41. Indenters and Test Blocks

42. Anvils and Accessories

43. Data Collection/SPC Options

44. USB Input Tool Direct
Data Collection from a hardness tester direct to Excel
06ADV380E Fits most hardness testers

45. Rockwell Pocket Guide

46. Rockwell Pocket Guide

47. Other Available Literature

48. Why check hardness at all?
Jominy Bars
Lug Nuts

49. Some 21st Century catastrophies

50. There are no hardness testing Police!
-Tom Farrell

51. ASTM
The American Society for Testing and Materials formed in 1898 (2001) by a chemist for the Pennsylvania Railroad
Voluntary Consensus Society
$80

52. Customer Call Out:
45.8
B 45.8
HRBW

53. Is this a Brinell hardness tester?

54. Portable Hardness Testers
Proprietary Scales
Different Forces
Different Indenters
Material Dependent
Operator Dependent

55. Scale Conversions Don’t do it! (At least not at first)
HRC50 to a depth of .035” (Euro EHT HV550 or CHD)
513HV
@ what test force?

56. Proper Nomenclature
513HV.3 ≈ HRC50
313HBW 10/3000
HRBW HBS

57. How hard do you expect it to be?
Again, the most important question!
How hard do you expect it to be?
Test
Load
Scale
Indenter
Conversions

58. Thanks for coming!!!
Call with any questions.
See you in Toronto!