1. Introduction to Gender Responsive Budgeting
Yeong-Ran Park
Kangnam University

2. Contents Definition of Gender Budget Gender Mainstreaming Strategy
Gender Mainstreaming Experiences in Korea
Gender Impact Assessment & Gender Budget
Future Challenges

3. Definition of Gender Budget

4. Gender Budget
“GBIs have been a response to this mainstream thinking by breaking down government's budgets in order to analyse its impact on women, men, girls, and boys, as well as on other axes of social differentiation such as race, ethnicity, class, and caste. ” (Balmori, 2003)

5. Gender Budget
Their main purpose is to examine whether public expenditures are allocated in an equitable way, and hence promote gender equality. Following this line, gender-sensitive budgets are neither separate budgets produced for women, nor limited to achieving an increase in allocations specifically targeting women.

6. Gender Budget
Although most GBIs are still primarily focused on analysing the budget and its impact, the ultimate aim is to mainstream gender into the criteria for its formulation. There is no magic recipe for a successful GBI, as the country context is crucial, but certain strategies can strengthen them" (Development and Gender In Brief).
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7. Gender Budget
The budget is the technical instrument by which a government reflects its policy priorities, translating these commitments into monetary terms. It is the document that encompasses the government's expenditure and revenue proposals. Consequently, the budget can be viewed as a government's declaration of principles and values, either in an explicit or an implicit way
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8. Gender Budget Categories
Australian initiative required the breakdown of each agency's expenditure into three main categories:
1) Women-specific targeted expenditures: resources allocated for programmes that specifically target women;
2) Equal employment opportunity expenditures: resources allocated to affirmative action in order to promote employment of women and men in equal numbers, equal representation within management posts, and equal pay.
3) Mainstream expenditures: the bulk of the remaining expenditures not covered by the first two categories (Budlender 1999b) (Balmori).

9. Gender Budget Initiatives in Korea
2002: the Women's Caucus of the Korean National Assembly adopted a resolution that called for gender sensitive budget formulation and submission of relevant gender-related data
2003: Budget Formulation Guidelines for (Ministry of Planning and Budget)
2006: a revision of the National Finance Act adding a new clause (article 26) on gender budget (to take effect in the fiscal year of 2010)
2007: Gender Budget Center

10. Preparation for 2010 Politics of Gender budget
Target Projects for Gender Responsive Budgeting: Projects for Gender Equality Initiatives & Gender Impact Analysis
Budget Statements & Balance Sheets
Need for Gender Budget Training: Training on basic concepts of gender mainstreaming, gender impact assessment, etc.

11. Gender Mainstreaming Strategy

12. Gender Mainstreaming as a Strategy
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Gender
Issues/
needs
Gender
Policy
Gender
Equality
Summary Overview
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Major Title
Heading. XXXX 12

13. Gender Mainstreaming in Korea

14. Major Elements of the Korean Gender Management System
Enabling Environment
- Political will
- Human/material resources
- Legal/administrative framework
- Mainstreaming of women in decision making
- Active involvement of women’s NGOs
Processes
- Establishing KGMS structures and mechanisms
- Effective implementation of 3rd Basic Plan on Women’s Policies
- Incorporating gender in other national plans
Structures
- Lead agency: Ministry of Gender Equality
- GM Teams/ Gender Focal Points
- Parliamentary Standing Committee
- Gender policy coordinating body
Tools/Mechanisms
- Gender statistics and indicators
- Gender budget and Gender analysis
- Gender training

15. Gender Mainstreaming Experiences in Korea

16. Institutions for GM in Korea
Ministry of Gender Equality
2nd Basic Plan on Women’s Policies ( ) “integration of a gender equal perspective into policy-making”  3rd Plan ( )
Parliamentary Gender Caucus (The Committee on Women’s Affairs in the National Assembly)
Research Institute on gender analysis
Women’s groups and advocates

17. Recent Developments in GIA
2002: the ‘Basic Act of Women's Development’ revised to mandate gender impact assessment as the responsibility of all government agencies and officers.
2004: policies in 10 different central and local government agencies
2005: 55 government agencies participated in gender analysis of 85 projects.
2006: 197 agencies including some local governments participated in assessing 314 projects.
2007: 273 agencies with 688 projects

18. GIA Implementing Process
MOGE

19. GIA Guideline
2005: 3 stages (Planning, implementation, evaluation), 9 major areas, 16 indicators
2006: 3 stages 8 indicators (① production and utilization of gender statistics ② relevance to gender issues ③ gender equality in decision making process ④ gender equality in budget ⑤ gender equality in service delivery ⑥ gender equality in dissemination of information about policies ⑦ gender equality in benefits (including budget) ⑧ gender equality in policy impact ⑨ feedback in policy making process

20. Gender Statistics
2001: production of gender statistics was added to the amendment of the ‘Basic Act on Women’s Development.’
Time Use Survey on daily activities (personal care, work, education, domestic activities, voluntary work and community participation and others): incorporating the value of unpaid work of women into the national accounting system: National Statistical Office (1999, 2005)
Women's Lives through Statistics since 1997
Survey of Economically Active Population

21. Selection criteria for GIA projects
Key policies of potentially major impact
Policies relevant to current issues (unemployment, poverty, violence, new town developments, etc.)
Policies that might have discriminatory impact
Policies with large budgets
Policies with big target groups
Major policies of an organization in a given year
Campaign promises
Major policies included in mid- and long-term plans

22. Examples of GIA Employee Job Training Policies (Ministry of Labor)
Job Training Programs for Prison Inmates (Ministry of Justice)
National Cancer Management Policy (Ministry of Health and Social Affairs)
Human Resource Development in Agricultural Sector (Ministry of Agriculture and Fishery)
Cultural and Recreation Centers (Ministry of Culture and Tourism)

23. Gender-sensitive Policy Improvement
Policy Feedback
Project title
Gender-sensitive Policy Improvement
Ambassador Program for Science and Technology
○ Increase the number of female ambassadors
  - 10.5%(’05) → 36.6%(’06)
○ Include ‘sex of the respondent’ in the satisfaction survey form
Digital Village Project
○ Increase training programs for female residents of various age groups
○ Expand more opportunities for women to participate in tour programs
Cultural and Arts Education Projects
○ Include a new article in the “Support for Cultural and Arts Education” Act: guarantee equal opportunities for all ages, sex, etc.
Employment Support for Severely Disabled Persons
○ Development of job training programs for female disabled persons
○Include the sex ratio in the job training performance evaluation indicator
Pusan City Teenagers’ Activity Center
○ Provision of gender training for teenagers
○ Production and utilization of gender statistics in program development, recruit of participants, program implementation and evaluation
Dageon City Senior Employment Project
○ Production and Utilization of gender statistics
○ Increase the number of female committee members(50%)

24. Gender Impact Assessment & Gender Budget

25. Gender Impact Assessment & Gender Budget
Identifying and understanding the differences in the lives of women and men, and the diversity among women themselves
Assessing the differential impacts on women and men of policies, programs and projects
Integrating gender considerations throughout the planning, design, implementation and evaluation processes
--is
It is identifying and understanding the differences in the lives of women and men and the diversity among women themselves, I.e., in their various circumstances, for example urban & rural women, roles and responsibilities, social relationships and status.
It is assessing how policies, programs or projects may impact differently on women and men, girls and boys;
It is integrating gender considerations throughout the planning design, implementation and evaluation processes
An example of gender analysis is the TEL study on the potential impact of APII on socio-economic development, particularly on gender, education, training, health, government services delivery, public safety, culture and others. 25

26. Gender Impact Assessment & Gender Budget
Different strategies and measures may be necessary to achieve intended results and equitable outcomes for women and men
Increased effectiveness and improved design of policies and projects
Contribute to a more equitable distribution of benefits among men and women
Prevent increase of discrimination due to unforseen impact
Why conduct gender analysis?
Because:
Different strategies and measures may be necessary to achieve intended results and equitable outcomes for women and men; and for
Increased effectiveness and improved design of policies and projects
What strategies are needed for promoting business mobility for women? 26

27. Key Concepts in GIA
Sex vs. Gender: Biological differences between women and men vs. Socially determined characteristics of women and men such as roles, attitudes, behaviors and values
Gender roles are learned, vary across cultures and over time (Productive roles/ Reproductive roles/ Community roles).
Gender is a relational term, which included both women and men.
Analyze impact on access to resources and control of benefits.

28. Future Challenges

29. Future Challenges
From analysis towards action: gender-sensitive formulation of the budget in order to deliver tangible results.
Evaluation of the impact of GBIs: assessment of the success of GBIs, and different types of GBIs
2) Identify and document country-specific methodologies that break out of the analytical framework

30. Future Challenges
3) Capacity-building of gender budget advocates and public officials at all levels
4) The development of gender-sensitive participatory research techniques
5) More political commitment and support

31. Thank you