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Cultural competence Ch 12
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Diversity in the US 25% of population descended from non-Europeans
“Melting Pot” “Minority” Race Multicultural Group
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disabilities ADA (1991): “physical or mental impairment (any physiological disorder or condition, cosmetic disfigurement, or anatomical loss that affects one or more body systems: neurological, musculosketetal, special sense organs, respiratory/speech, cardiovascular, reproductive, digestive genitourinary, hemic and lymphatic, skin, and endocrine; or any mental or psychological disorder such as mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities) that substantially limits one or more of the major life events of an individual” (EEOC, 1991, p. 1-26). What are major life events? 50 million people over the age of 5 have a disability
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Disability Legislation
National Defense Act of 1916 National Rehabilitation Act of 1920 Social Security Act, 1935 Rehab Act, 1973 Equal Education for All Handicapped Children, (IDEA) Americans with Disability Act, 1990
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Discrimination based on culture
US- historically discriminated against multicultural groups Native American/ First Nations people genocide Economy based on slavery Racism towards all ethnic groups such as Native Americans, African Americans, Asians, and Hispanics Institutional Racism in Schools
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Discrimination based on Culture, cont.
1960s—admittance to college & voting 1960s-80s—economic improvement 1980s-present—unraveling the govt economic programs Most multi-cultural groups have been victims of institutional discrimination in these areas: Schools Justice system Health care providers Social welfare system Mental health care
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BarRiers to culturally competent practice
Melting Pot Happy Immigrants Explaining behavior based on culture or disability Color-blind Assume words mean the same to everyone Assume clients think as we do Expect client to understand the role of a social worker Insufficient self-awareness Lack of multicultural interventions Lack of knowledge
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GIM Engagement Assessment Planning Implementation Evaluation
Termination & Follow-up
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Practice Wisdom Native Americans/First Nations people
Latinos/Hispanics African Americans Asian Americans/ Pacific Islanders Strategies for General Cultural Competence box on p. 469
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Gender sensitive practice
Chapter 13
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Terms Sexism Sex Role Stereotypes Oppression Sex Discrimination
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Feminism in social work practice
Feminist Practice- Egalitarian relationship Feminism- several definitions Emma Watson- He for She Feminism Movement
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Micro practice with women
Common Problems - stressful life events - lack of self-esteem and a sense of powerlessness Empower Women - enhance self-esteem - increase assertiveness - scrutinize actions, record situations where cl lacked assertiveness, analyze her action together, role play, find role model, practice in real life and report outcome and success - educate about aggressive, assertiveness, and nonassertiveness communication (see p. 484) persecutor, balancer, martyr
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Micro Approach to Sexual assault - 1 in 4 women experience sexual assault-
Acute physiological effects for 6 mo+ (fear, crying, anger, denial, guilt, shock, desire for revenge, physiological symptoms are common)…FEAR and SELF BLAME most common emotional reaction Counseling- immediate warmth and support 1. Regain control over feelings 2. Elicit support from others 3. Rebuild survivor trust in self, her environment, and other relationships Report to police and get immediate medical care
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Macro Approach Educate public about sexual assault to reduce victim blame Available services to promote healing and prevention Awareness-based programs Empathy-based programs Social norms-based programs Skills-based programs Bystander intervention programs Legislation (establish degrees of rape, gender neutral, “fighting back” proof eliminated, victim’s past protection, eliminated spousal protection) Violence Against Women Act (1994)- funds for shelters, training, community initiatives
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Cycle of Violence
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Why does she stay? Economic Dependence Lack of Self-Confidence
Lack of Power Fear of the Abuser Guilt Feeling Isolated with no where to go Fear for her children Love
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How can you help? Support Emphasize strengths Review alternatives
Provide information Advocate Understand emotional reactions Listen Problem Solve Establish Safety Plan Strengthen Self-Esteem
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