1. DIGITAL MEDIA FOUNDATIONS
NICOLE MOORE

2. Bitmap / Raster Images
are defined by pixels; each pixel stores information about color.
The more pixels an image contains, the higher its resolution.
resolution-dependent because it contains a fixed number of pixels that are used to create the image. Since there is a fixed and limited number of pixels, a raster image will lose quality if enlarged beyond that number of pixels as the computer will have to 'make up' the missing information.

3. Vector Images
consist of individual objects which are made of lines and curves that are defined mathematically in the computer.
resolution-independent they can be made larger or smaller without any loss of quality to the image. Vectors can be printed at any size, on any output device, at any resolution, without losing detail and without altering the resolution of the image.

5. Digital image file formats, Sizes and Storage
has the lesson on digital video and digital audio changed your opinion on these two forms of “digital media”?

6. File extensions Raster file extensions Png – portable network graphic
Psd – Photoshop document
Jpg – joint photographic experts group
Gif – graphics interchange format
Bmp – Bitmap
Vector File Extensions
Ai – Adobe Illustrator
Eps – Encapsulated Postscript
Wmf – Windows Metafile

7. Lossless compression preserves all the information in an image file, but stores it in a more efficient way.
Different methods of lossless compression are designed to efficiently compress different kinds of data
Lossy compression makes image files smaller by both storing information more efficiently, and throwing away information.
The most commonly used lossy compression method is JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
The JPEG method uses two main compression steps:
It merges similar colors into the same color
It removes small detail information from the image

8. Images: RAW, BMP, and PNG are all lossless image formats.
JPEG and GIF are lossy image formats.
Audio: WAV, FLAC, and ALAC (Apple Lossless Audio Codec, used by iTunes) are all lossless audio formats.
MP3, MP4, and OGG are lossy audio formats.

9. File Size

10. Color Theory and Color Management

11. Additive Colors
Start with Black – absence of any colors. The more colors added, the brighter it gets.
Color formation by the addition of Red, Green, and Blue, the three primary colors Ideal for use in computers.
Examples of additive color usage:-
Human eye
Lighting
Color monitors
Color video cameras
Additive color wheel

12. Subtractive Colors Starts with a white background (usually paper).
Use Cyan, Magenta, and/or Yellow dyes to subtract from light reflected by paper, to produce all colors. Main color model used in the printing industry.
Examples of Subtractive color use:-
Color printers
Paints
Subtractive color wheel

13. Photographic film gamut
Human vision gamut
Gamut
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8 x y
A gamut is the range of colors that a device can produce or capture
The larger the gamut, the more colors can be produced.
A large gamut implies a large color space.
Photographic film gamut
Monitor gamut

14. Color Spaces
A Color space refers to a collection of colors that can be produced based on a color model.
Each color has a numerical value but the numerical values are not associated with absolute colors.
The specific color of a numeric vale depends on the color space of the device that produces the color.
The numeric value is interpreted by the color space of the device that is reproducing that color.
Different devices have different color gamuts and color spaces.

15. Sampling and Quantizing Digital Images
Sampling refers to recording pixels in an image.
The higher the sampling rate (the more frequently you take a sample) the more pixels will be present and the higher the image resolution.
Quantizing refers to reducing an infinite number of colors and shades to a finite number of colors.
The number of colors in a finite set is the bit- depth
color depth refers to the number of bits per pixel on a computer monitor to represent a specific color.

16. Color models
Color Spaces are often geared towards specific applications or hardware.
HSI (Hue, Saturation, Intensity)
RGB (Red, Green, Blue)
CMY(K) (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black)
CIE ( Commission international E’clairage )
Luminance - Chrominance

17. Print Resolution
Print resolution, usually given in “dots per inch” (dpi), is the number of individual colored dots per inch that the printer produces on the paper
In general, you need at least 100 dpi, and preferably 300 dpi or more for an image to look good when printed
Combining the pixel dimension of the image and the printing resolution gives the final physical size of the image: e.g. a 1000x1000 pixel image printed at 250 dpi would be 4”x4”