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New Zealand Maori
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Haka – Ka Mate Haka is the common term for all Maori dances. It is performed for different reasons, such as celebrating success, welcoming guests or as a pre-battle challenge. Haka is not performed only by men. Some are performed by women and some simple haka are performed even by children. Various actions are made in Maori haka performance like chanted words, a variety of cries and grunts in which different parts of the body represent many instruments.
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Ta Moko
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Ta Moko or the facial tattoo has been practiced for over a thousand years by Maori people. It was used as a form of identification, rank, genealogy, tribal history, eligibility to marry, marks of beauty and much more. Both men and women could be marked with ta moko, which were different in shapes and meanings. The tattoos on a male face were divided into eight fields, each of them had its own name and contained information about the wearer. The face was divided into equal halves. In general, designs on the right-hand side of the male face marked the father’s tribal membership, rank and position. On the left-hand side of the face there contained information about the mother’s rank and position. They were unique to each individual and told about their life and history.
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Maori women also went through the process of obtaining moko, although they were limited to the area of the chin, lips, above the upper lip, and occasionally between the eyes, buttocks, back and legs. Female moko mainly demonstrated rank. Women also used facial tattoo to denote a special status.
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Maori Art - Poi
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Poi is a performance art or the tools which are used for it
Poi is a performance art or the tools which are used for it. It’s a Maori word for ball. The special utensil consists of two strings joined to weighted balls of different materials and shapes, modern poi are usually made with unnatural materials. While storytelling or dancing, performer rhythmically swings tied weights according to geometric patterns. The use of poi improves strength and plasticity in the arms and hands and makes useful for coordination. It is used by both men and women as an exercise tool. Modern Poi has been influenced by the Maori version. Traditional poi is generally performed in group choreography at cultural events with singing and music. Modern one is more often performed by single persons without singing and with less dancing movements. The utensils used are more varied. Performances are started up in darkness to dramatic effect with poi including a light source, LED lights, chemical glow sticks etc.
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Fire Poi
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Maori Art - Carving
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Other traditional art forms like carving and weaving are also alive and well in New Zealand. Precious jewellery and traditional weapons can be found in museums, galleries and artists' workshops throughout the country. Carving was done in three media: wood, bone, and stone. Arguably ta moko was another form of carving. Wood carvings were used to decorate houses, fence poles, containers and other objects. The most popular type of stone used in carving was pounamu (greenstone), a form of jade, but other kinds were also used, especially in the North Island, where pounamu was not widely available. Both stone and bone were used to create jewellery. Large scale stone face carvings were also sometimes created. The introduction of metal tools by Europeans allowed more intricacy and delicacy, and caused stone and bone fish hooks and other tools to become purely decorative. Carving is traditionally an activity performed by men only. If you catch a carving or weaving demonstration, you'll see that many of the techniques remain unchanged since ancient times. And if you find a greenstone (pounamu) adornment you like, make sure you ask someone else to buy it for you – it's good luck to receive pounamu as a gift.
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Maori Greenstone Jade Carving (pounamu)
Maori Pendants Maori Tiki, carved human figures
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