1. Imperialism

2. Foreign policy in which strong nations extend their political, military and economic control over weaker nations
European nations started the trend
US catches on in late 1800s
Strong countries (GB, US, Japan) in a mad dash to grab up as many colonies as possible
What is Imperialism

3. Imperialism What territories did they take? Who were the Imperialists?
Trendsetter: Great Britain leads the way
10 Mothers (Imperialists): Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Russia, Spain, Portugal, and the United States
Late Comers: Japan and US
Asia
Africa
Latin America
Islands in the Pacific
Imperialism

4. Can be summed up with “God, Gold and Glory”
Five Main Reasons:
Economic
Political
Military
Cultural
Religious
Can be summed up with “God, Gold and Glory”
Why be Imperialistic?

5. Economics (Gold) Political (Glory)
Countries need places to get raw materials from
Countries need places to sell their manufactured goods
Nationalism – a nation’s greatness could be measured by the quantity of its colonies
Competition with rivals – prevent other countries from becoming more powerful

6. Alfred Thayer Mahan

7. Military (Glory) Alfred T. Mahan National Security Military Advantage
Competition was vicious; a nation had to protect its own interests
Military Advantage
More bases in more parts of the world…better navy
Gas Stations
A colony can serve as a refueling/loading station for the Navy
Wrote The Influence of Sea Power Upon History
Suggested America should build up a stronger navy to compete with other nations
Also US needed naval bases(refuel and resupply) for the navy

8. Cultural (Glory and God)
Religious (God)
Cultural (Glory and God)
Anglo-Saxonism: white race is superior
Manifest Destiny: God’s intention for America to expand
Social Darwinism: only the strongest nations will survive
Strength=more colonies
Christianity, seen as superior, should be spread to lesser nations of Asia and Africa
Imperialism will give US more territories that can be Christianized

9. Josiah Strong A religious missionary Wrote Our Country
Argued that America had a responsibility to spread its value by civilizing weaker nations
This is what God wanted America to do

10. The White Man’s Burden Written by Rudyard Kipling in 1899
Urged America to take up the burden of building an empire to Christianize and civilize other inferior races
Became a rallying cry for US imperialists

11. Seward's Folly
Purchased by Secretary of State William Seward from Russia for $7.2 million
Called Seward’s Folly because no one understood why America would want an icy tundra, but…
Doubled the size of America
Alaska was rich in oil and timber

12. “Seward’s Folly”: 1867
$7.2 million

13. “Seward’s Icebox”: 1867

14. Hawaiian who conquered most of the Hawaiian Islands and established the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1810
Was able to preserve the independence of Hawaii through several treaties with Pacific Colonial powers
Non Hawaiian’s were not allowed to own land until 1848 with the Great Mahele
King Kamehameha

15. U. S. Missionaries in Hawaii
Imiola Church – first built in the late 1820s

16. U. S. View of Hawaiians
Hawaii becomes a U. S. Protectorate in by virtue of economic treaties.

17. Sugar Plantation in Hawaii
First sugar plantation created in 1835
Old Sugar mill of Koloa
Reciprocity Treaty of 1875
Allows Hawaii to sell Sugar to the united States without paying duties or taxes
Greatly increases plantation profits
By 1890, 75% of all private land was owned by foreign businessmen
Sugar Plantation in Hawaii

18. Sanford Ballard Dole Born in Hawaii to American missionaries
Was crucial in the creation of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii
Limited voting rights to literate men of Hawaiian, European, or American descent
Wealth and income requirements to vote for upper house
Consolidated power with the elite residents
Sanford Ballard Dole

19. U. S. Business Interests In Hawaii
1875 – Reciprocity Treaty
Free Trade with Hawaii
1890 – McKinley Tariff
1893 – American businessmen backed an uprising against Queen Liliuokalani.
Sanford Ballard Dole proclaims the Republic of Hawaii in 1894.

20. To The Victor Belongs the Spoils
Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898

21. Annexation of Hawaii
Sugar planters in Hawaii are hurt over sugar tariff
Made Hawaiian sugar more expensive than US sugar
Queen Liliuokalani removed the voting rights of the white sugar planters…with help of US the planters overthrow the queen
Planters want Hawaii to be annexed (added to United States)
Government wants to annex because of sugar

22. Japan

23. Commodore Matthew Perry Opens Up Japan: 1853
The Japanese View of Commodore Perry

24. Treaty of Kanagawa: 1854

25. Opens up two ports in Japan for trade with the United States
Opens up Shimoda and Hakodate
Permits the establishment of a US consulate in Japan
Treaty of Kanagawa

26. Gentleman’s Agreement: 1908
A Japanese note agreeing to deny passports to laborers entering the U.S.
Japan recognized the U.S. right to exclude Japanese immigrants holding passports issued by other countries.
The U.S. government got the school board of San Francisco to rescind their order to segregate Asians in separate schools.
1908  Root-Takahira Agreement.

27. Root-Takahira Agreement: 1908
A pledge to maintain the status quo in the Far East.
Recognition of China’s independence and territorial integrity, and support for continuation of the Open-Door Policy.
An agreement to mutual consultation in the event of future Far Eastern crises.

28. Lodge Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: 1912
Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, Sr. (R-MA)
Non-European powers, like Japan, would be excluded from owning territory in the Western Hemisphere.