1. Roots of Western Imperialism

2. Imperialism One country takes control of another country
Government, trade, Culture
Types of Control
Settlement Colonies: large groups of people from one country living together in a new place.
Ex: Australia/settlement for Great Britain
Dependent Colonies: few European officials ruled non-European people.
Protectorates: Ruler kept title, but Europeans controlled area.
Spheres of Influence: area one nation had special interest.

3. Economic Motives: One word: INDUSTRIALIZATION
Control regions with the raw materials country needed
New markets in Asia, Africa, and Latin America (Control)
Ex: Shirt and Ties in Africa
Cultural Motives for Imperialism
“White Man’s Burden” by Rudyard Kipling: “half devil and half child.” Europeans were “helping” or “improving” them.
Missionaries: convert people to Christianity
Helped build schools to teach new culture
Medicine, Hygiene, and sanitation

4. North Africa French: forced occupied Algiers (Ottoman Empire state)
Went after small state of Tunis (East of Algiers)
Tunis: Became a French protectorate. (Turkish Ruler, French government)
Morocco: appealing b/c of Strait of Gibraltar
Deal with Britain, Spain, and Italy (French take Morrocco)
Not get in way of Britain (Egypt) or Italy (Libya), or Spain (Sphere of Influence with North Morrocco)
British: Wanted Egypt
Suez Canal: through the Isthmus of Suez to connect to the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea. Egypt bough half stock
Egypt on verge of bankruptcy, so British buys and owns most of stock. (Sea route to India, Australia, and New Zealand).
Rebellion begins (British navy and troops were sent)

5. Fashoda Crisis: Sudan: Egyptian colony that Britain and France wanted
Al Mahdi (expected one): led revolt against Egypt gaining control of major cities (Khartoum-Sudan capital)
British: invaded Sudan and defeated Mahdist army
French: Two years earlier, wanted to gain control of upper Nile (Jean-Baptiste Marchand).
French reached Fashoda
British arrive 2 months later (Both expected to go to war)
France yielded Sudan to Great Britain
Result: Great Britain and Egypt won joint control of area.
Great Britain: clearly the dominant partner (Anglo-Egyptian Sudan).

6. West Africa Slave Trade (Most were abolished) turned to other trades:
Palm, Oil, Feathers, Ivory, Rubber
French: fought for control of Senegal for years.
Samory Toure: led revolt against France until captured
Claimed Senegal and area called French West Africa
Britain: went up against Ashanti
Took over Ashanti and Gold coast (Ghana)
France, Great Britain, Germany, Spain, and Portugal
Controlled most of West Africa
Liberia: independent state (United States helped)

7. Central and East Africa
Herny Stanley: wrote articles about his search of “Dr. Livingstone I presume”
King Lepold II of Belgium: personal colony of 900,000 in Central Africa. Only interest: Become wealthier
Sold business people rubber, slave labor
Turned over to Belgian government (Belgian Congo)
East Africa: famine helped colonize
Nations divided similar way of West Africa

8. South Africa: Competition
British seize Cape Colony: British possession
Boers: people that left colony that moved to the North and East in a mass migration.
Carved three states: Natal (SE), Orange Free State (W), and Transvaal (N).
Run into Zulu: fought for years over land (Britain helps Boers and Zulu are defeated)
Competition starts with diamonds found in Orange FS
Cecil Rhodes: British businessman who takes control of South African diamond production.
Expands production to the North Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)
Boer War: Boers in Transvaal kept British from opening mines. This led to war, and British defeated Boers
Allowed Boers to keep language in schools.

9. Effect of Imperialism on Africa
Europeans
Controlled all levels of government usually
Paternalism: belief that Africans could not govern themselves.
New farming, crops, medicine, roads and railroads
Sought out alliances (Europeans tried to take advantage)
Hoped for Assmiliation: give up own culture and adopt another.