1. E. Stanton RN, MSN/Ed, CEN, CCRN, CFRN
Welcome to ECG!
E. Stanton RN, MSN/Ed, CEN, CCRN, CFRN

2. Anatomy & Physiology of the Heart
Mechanical Flow: The Pulse

3. The heart is NOT shaped like this!

4. THIS IS
THE
ACTUAL
HEART

5. Basic facts about “the pump”
Hollow muscular organ located in the middle of the chest
Tilts slightly to the left
Located at between the 2nd and 5th intercostal spaces
About the size of your fist

6. Circulates oxygenated blood throughout the body
Oxygen is essential to every organ of the body
Without oxygenated blood necrosis develops

7. Pumps about 5 liters of blood per minute
Just the facts..
Pumps about 5 liters of blood per minute
Beats at times per minute
Never stops until death

8. Avg Hr- 70 beats per minute 60 minutes/ hr x 70 BPM= 4,200 beats/hr
NOW DO THE NUMBERS….
Avg Hr- 70 beats per minute
60 minutes/ hr x 70 BPM= 4,200 beats/hr
24hrs/day X 4200 beats = 100,800 per day

9. = 2,759,400,000 beats per lifetime 365 days/year = 36,792,000
Average life span- 75 years
= 2,759,400,000 beats per lifetime

10. MORAL OF THE STORY…. HEART IS A HARD WORKING MACHINE
TAKE CARE OF IT AND IT WILL TAKE CARE OF YOU

11. JUST THE FACTS
While it is a muscle- no conscious control over its function
The top of the heart is the base
The bottom is the apex

12. Sternum- flat bone in center of
chest (breast bone)
Intercostal spaces- between the ribs

13. The Chambers The heart muscle is divided into 4 chambers
Right and Left Atrium
Right and Left Ventricle
Right and left side divided by The septum
(muscular wall)

14. THE CHAMBERS

15. Right Atrium Left Atrium Left Ventricle Right Ventricle
Located on top right side of heart
Receives blood from inferior and superior vena cava (Primary veins)
Left Atrium
Top left of heart
Receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins
Left Ventricle
The “big daddy”
Bottom left of heart
Largest chamber (form dictates function)
Pumps oxygenated blood through the aorta to the body
Right Ventricle
Below the right atrium
Pumps blood to the lungs via pulmonary artery (this is where the blood picks up O2)

17. The Walls
Anterior Wall -lies against the L side of the rib cage The left ventricle makes up most of the anterior wall
Inferior Wall – primarily the right ventricle or right side of the heart

18. The Walls Lateral wall – faces the left arm
Posterior wall- faces the back

19. Why are the Walls important??
The 12 lead ECG is able to
capture any damage to a specific Wall
Each lead represents an area of the heart and its wall
There are 12 leads in an ECG

20. The ECG is like taking a picture around an entire house.
You need to see all the walls of the house to make sure it is sturdy- not just look at the front!

21. HUMOR BREAK!

22. Can You figure this out??

23. Transporting the Blood
Artery- carries blood away from the heart
Vein- carries blood to the heart
Superior Vena Cava- Main vein that draws blood from the upper part of the body into the R atrium
Inferior Vena Cava- Main vein that draws blood from the lower part of the body to the right atrium

24. Blood Flow
Pulmonary Vein- Returns Oxygenated blood from the lungs to the right atrium
Aorta- receives blood from the left side of the heart and through the rest of the body goes from the heart all the way to the kidneys

25. The Valves
Aortic
Pulmonic
Mitral
tricuspid

26. Humor Break!!!
Dr Aorta is examining an elderly hard of hearing woman. He tells her that he wants to hear her good strong heart…

28. One Way Only!! Blood must flow in the correct direction
Valves are essential for the forward movement of blood
Made up of tissue formed by leaflets that open in one direction only

29. As one chamber contracts, the pressure causes the valve to open and allow blood to pass to the next chamber
If a valve is damaged- backflow occurs

31. Tricuspid Valve 3 cusp (leaf) valve
Controls blood flow between right atrium and right ventricle
Prevents blood from flowing backwards into the right side of the heart

32. Pulmonic valve Located in the Right ventricle
Separates the ventricle from the pulmonary artery
prevents blood from flowing into right ventricle

33. Mitral Valve Two cusps (leaflets)
Separates left atrium and Left ventricle
AKA- bicuspid valve
Prevents backflow from left
ventricle to left atrium
Resembles a bishops mitre (hat)
Mitral Valve

34. Mitral Valve

35. Aortic Valve
Opens to allow blood to flow from left ventricle into the Aorta

36. MINDBENDER TIME!!

38. Cardiac
Circulation

40. Going in Circles- the heartbeat
Right atrium
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Artery (blood goes through alveoli in lungs and becomes oxygenated)
Pulmonary Vein
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle through aortic valve
Out to rest of body

41. The Mechanical Contraction is the PULSE
Given the two properties of the heart:
You can have electrical conduction without mechanical perfusion
You cant have mechanical perfusion (pulse) without electrical conduction

42. the
end!!!