1. Challenges of Governance and Sustainable Tourism Management Mapulahual Territory Los Lagos Region, Chili.

2. Content Mapulahual territory Actors & territory Main problems
Key actions to target the objective
Some questions still open…
Conclusions
JP LE MOIGNE

3. Where is Mapulahual located?

4. Mapuche People
It is the most important ethnicity in Chile representing between 9 to 10% of the population. The biggest part of Mapuche people lives in Araucania Region and in Metropolitan Region, outskirt of the capital city (Santiago).
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5. MAPULAHUAL TERRITORY
The research was driven in the indigenous territory Mapulahual, between – 2014.
This territory is recognized as “Huilliche” that means southern people, designation of geographical character.

6. Different projects has been developed since 2005:
Establishment of privates protected areas owned by communities (WWF).
Creation of a community association, and training in handicrafts, canned food, and Ecotourism development (WWF).
Global Environment Found (GEF), creation of a marine protected area « Lafken Mapulahual » (ministry of environment).
Technical visits to Costa Rica and New Zealand (Community Tourism).
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7. 60.000 hectares - 9 Communities
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8. How is the territory composed?

9. Livestock and artisanal fisheries.
Some history …
Extraction and sale of timber - Specie Alerce (tile) - Forest type Siempreverde (Firewood)
Livestock and artisanal fisheries.
Degradation of ecosystems and loss of biodiversity.
Lack of opportunities for young people.
Increase in the level of poverty.

10. Slow tourism development process
Implementation of sustainable tourism, to improve the quality of life of the community (economic and education), protection of cultural heritage and biodiversity conservation.
Slow tourism development process
What are the different perspectives of each actors in the territory?
How do they work?
What are the governance issues that affect tourism development?
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11. Actors & Territory
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12. JP LE MOIGNE

13. Current problems… Land Ownership Supply of basics resources
Bad climate conditions
Difficult access
There is not a clear governance
Lack of tourism planning
Low level of training
Low accommodation offer
Weak promotion
Almost absent signage
Increase in liquid and solid waste
Tourism activities without certification
Youth migration
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14. Future problems related to tourism development…
Distribution of roles and economy improvement
Decrease of regional’s economic activities.
Future problems related to tourism development…
Impacts on flora and fauna
Recovery of culture and Huilliche language
Increase of alcohol and nightlife.
Overcrowding (visitor pressure)
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15. Actors: What points of views and expectations?
Perspective towards tourism
Expectations + -
Economy
Ecology
Culture
Reduction of problems
Communities X
Ministry of Environment
Tourism National Service
Mapulahual association
San Juan de La Costa Municipality
Rio Negro Municipality
Purranque Municipality
WWF (NGO)
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16. What challenges for governance?
Politics
Division between municipalities and between municipalities and other stakeholders. Because of different political beliefs.
Lack of a common governance
Today there are different views of territorial governance from the perspective of the government and from the perspective of indigenous communities.
Community Empowerment
There is not community empowerment, lacking a stronger compromise in relation to its future destiny.
Lack of a common territorial planning
There is a variety of parallel work developed by different actors. Resulting in duplication of efforts that do not have a common goal.
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17. Level of commitment to Tourism Development
Actor
Level of commitment to Tourism Development
High
Medium
Low
Communities X
Ministry of environment
National Tourism Service
Mapulahual Association
San Juan de La Costa Municipality
Rio Negro Municipality
Purranque Municipality
WWF
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18. KEY ACTIONS TO TARGET THE OBJECTIVE...
Towards a local actors common goal
Community Empowerment
Establishment of a methodology for monitoring impacts
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19. Actions for sustainable tourism development in the territory…
To create a development master plan for the area
Municipalities must work together
Mapulahual association has to work closer to other institutions
To create a committee for tourism planning and territory sustainability
To resolve land ownership problem
Developing a strong community tourism product
Sustainable tourism training project for local.
To establish a marketing axis

20. Establishment of a methodology for monitoring impacts…
Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC)
This study establishes only sustainability indicators for each scope, and are set in relation to problems identified.
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21. Examples of indicators…
SCOPE
PROBLEMS
INDICATORS
SOCIOCULTURAL
Local identity and values
Number of religious rituals, traditional ethnic rites and festivals.
Number of rituals and products modified to meet the needs of tourists.
Changes in clothing since the installation of tourism.
Number of new words used by the local population.
ECONOMY
Economic activities
Number of persons or families who are farming.
Number of persons or families who do a livestock activity
Number of persons or families who make larch tiles.
Number of persons or families who are fishing.
Number of persons or families making tourism.
ENVIRONMENT
Water supply
Liters of water used in high season.
Number of contaminated water sources.
GOVERNANCE
Lack of joint work
Number of actions between municipalities
Number of concrete work done by Sernatur.
Amount of sessions made by the Advisory Board
Number of projects between the state agencies.

22. In conclusion…
Territories include a large network of public and private partners who have a diversity of interests and perspectives, but also include a variety of economic activities that, taken together, make the tourism development a challenge.
This difficulty increases when territories are indigenous and contain ecosystems with high biological value and even more if they are located in remote and isolated areas.
Actors have different expectation and point of views on tourism, which affect (negatively) tourism development in the territory.
There is a parallel work between different institutions (actors) in the territory. In addition, the relationships between different actors is complicated, and has a direct (negative) impact on the governance and sustainable tourism planning.
JP LE MOIGNE

23. Finally, this research leave some questions open…
Protected Areas
What are the possibilities to create a large terrestrial – maritime protected area that be managed by communities?
Marketing
What is the disposal of Chilean tour operators and international agencies to sell Mapulahual?
Heritage
- Why these communities are identified with Mapuche - Huilliche ethnic, even when some locals are not Mapuche descendants?
- What are the steps to be taken to recover this culture?
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24. Any question?...
Thanks !!!
JP LE MOIGNE