1. Main Verbs & Helping Verbs

2. Review Nouns Name a person, place, thing, or idea
Concrete, abstract, collective, common, proper
Pronouns
Personal pronouns take the place of nouns.
A pronoun may function as the subject of the sentence.
Use diagram to map out Nouns and Pronouns on Whiteboard. Review Function Codes (NS, PNS, PNU). Diagram the following sentences: The cat likes milk. The lizard eats lettuce. He eats worms too. They are our pets. The cat is a warm mammal. The lizard feels cold and bumpy.

3. Review Types of Pronouns
Indefinite: does not refer to a definite person or things.
Demonstrative: point out a specific person or thing.
Interrogative: asks a question
Personal: replaces a personal noun
Pronoun Understood (PNU)
Implied rather than written as the subject.
No specific subject

4. Terms to Learn
Verb
Main Verb
Helping Verb
Verb Phrase

5. Verb Make a statement Ask a question Give a command
The verb is the word in a sentence that is needed along with the subject to:
Make a statement
Ask a question
Give a command

6. Point 1 A sentence must always include a verb.
The verb helps to make a statement by expressing:
An action
State of being
A condition

7. Action Verbs Action words John walked to town.
The monkey stole my banana.
The choir sang a song.

8. State of Being Verbs Forms of “to be” Examples: I am happy.
She was sleepy.
He was an electrician. Be
Being
Been Am Is
Are
Was
Were

9. Condition Verbs Examples: She felt happy. The student looked sad.
The apple tastes sour.
The cat appeared hungry.
Appear
Become
Feel
Grow
Keep
Look
Remain
Seems
Smell
Sound
Taste
Turn
NOTE
The verb can be replace with seems when it is a condition.
Condition verbs can also be used as action verbs.
The cat appeared hungry.
The cat appeared in the doorway.

10. Is it a condition or action?
The soup tastes hot.
The rose smelled sweet.
The monkey appeared suddenly.
The cat tasted its food.
The dog smelled the flower.
The banana appeared ripe.

11. Point 2
The verb of the sentence may be one word or two or more words that comprise a verb phrase.
I went to the store.
I did buy groceries.
Function Codes:
MV (Main Verb)
HV (Helping Verb)

12. Point 3 Helping Verbs: verbs that usually precede a main verb
Must be used with certain verb forms
Example:
Verbs ending in –ing cannot function properly without helping verbs.

13. Examples
Incorrect: My brother buying the business. Correct: My brother is buying the business. Incorrect: Linda singing quite well Correct: Linda is singing quite well.

14. Point 4 There are 23 frequently used helping verbs. Be Am Was Do Have
May
Could
Must
Being Is
Were
Does
Has
Can
Would
Shall
Been
Are
Did
Had
Might
Should
Will

15. Point 5 First: identify the subject Who or what is the sentence about?
Next: identify the verb

16. Point 6 In some sentences the subject follows the verb. Example:
mv hv ns
Enclosed are the recipes

17. Point 6
The subject ALWAYS follows the verb when a sentence starts with the word here or there.
Examples:
mv ns
Here is the problem.
mv pns
There were several.

18. Let’s Try It!!
The fire destroyed the forest. Phillip is going to the library.

19. The accident caused a traffic jam. The girl went to the store.
Let’s try It!!
The accident caused a traffic jam. The girl went to the store.

20. Transitive & Intransitive Verbs
Diagram before slide show: Mother sang to her children, Mother sang a song to her children, The children sang too. The children kissed Mom goodnight. The children slept soundly.
Transitive & Intransitive Verbs

21. Terms to Learn
Transitive Verb : A main verb that usually expresses action and always has a direct object
Verb Complement: Another name for a direct object or an indirect object

22. Terms to Learn
Direct Object: A verb complement that follows a transitive verb and answers the questions “Whom?” or “What?”
Intransitive Verb: A main verb that never has a complement
Reflexive Pronoun: A pronoun formed by adding the suffix –self or –selves to a personal pronoun

23. Word Function Codes MVT (Main Verb Transitive)
MVI (Main Verb Intransitive)
DO (Direct Object)

24. Introduction Main verbs may be either transitive or intransitive.
Transitive verb
Action
Verb Complement
Intransitive verb
No Action
No Verb Complement

25. Sentence Formula
N + MV +Who or What = Transitive Verb

26. Transitive Verb A main verb usually expresses an action
always has a direct object
Direct Object: A verb complement that follows a Transitive Verb.

27. Transitive Verb 2.Find the verb Ask who? or what?
1. Find the subject
2.Find the verb
Ask who? or what?
If it answers who? or what? it is a MVT
If it does not answer who? Or what? It is an MVI.

28. Example Kristen solved the problem. noun subject main verb
Transitive or Intransitive?
Direct object
What did she solve?

29. Example The company manufactures toys. noun subject main verb
Transitive or Intransitive?
Direct object
What do they manufacture?

30. Example noun subject main verb Transitive or Intransitive?
The shelf holds three books and a vase of flowers.
noun subject
main verb
Transitive or Intransitive?
Direct object
What did the shelf hold?

31. example noun subject main verb Transitive or Intransitive?
The committee named a new chairperson.
noun subject
main verb
Transitive or Intransitive?
Direct object
What did the shelf hold?

32. Intransitive Verb
A main verb that never has a complement.

33. Examples Phyllis fell down. noun subject main verb Intransitive
There is no direct object

34. example The cat purred loudly. noun subject main verb Intransitive
There is no direct object

35. Point 1 The main verb may be transitive
The main verb is usually active
The main verb has a receiver of the action called a direct object
Identify the subject
Identify the verb
Then ask “What?” or “Whom?”

36. Point 2 The direct object may be a one word noun.
The store sells bicycles.

37. Point 3 The direct object may be a compound-word noun.
The president chose Senator Kennedy.

38. Point 4 The direct object can be a personal pronoun.
The coach tutored him in math.

39. Point 5 The direct object may be an indefinite pronoun.
The invitation included everyone.

40. Point 6 The direct object may be an demonstrative pronoun
Please take this.

41. Point 7
The direct object may be a reflexive pronoun
I hurt myself.

42. Point 8
The main verb may be intransitive
The baby laughed loudly.

43. Let’s Try It!! Sylvia kicked Juan under the table. What is the subject
What is the verb?
Is there a direct object?
Is it transitive or intransitive?

44. Let’s Try It!! I fell down yesterday. What is the subject
What is the verb?
Is there a direct object?
Is it transitive or intransitive?

45. Let’s Try It!! Alicia wrote a love poem on a napkin.
What is the subject
What is the verb?
Is there a direct object?
Is it transitive or intransitive?

46. Let’s Try It!! They slept peacefully. What is the subject
What is the verb?
Is there a direct object?
Is it transitive or intransitive?

47. Lesson 4 Due next class period