1. Chapter 13
European Middle Ages

2. Section 1: Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms
Middle ages
AKA medieval period
500 to 1500

3. Invasions of Western Europe
Germanic invaders took over the western half of the Roman Empire
Changes:
Disruption of Trade
Invasions, businesses collapse, money scarce
Downfall of Cities
Population Shifts
Government collapsed, nobles and city dwellers went to rural areas

4. The Decline of Learning
Germanic invaders couldn’t read or write
Church officials were literate

5. Loss of Common Language
German speaking people mixed with Roman people, Latin changed
Still official language, but not understood

6. Germanic Kingdoms Emerge
Small Germanic kingdoms replaced Roman provinces
Church survives Rome's fall
Provided order and security

7. The Concept of Government Changes
Rome vs. German
In Rome, loyalty to government and written law unified Roman society
Family ties, personal loyalty unified German society
German chiefs had warriors pledge to them
Soldiers felt no loyalty to kings they didn’t know
Personal ties made it impossible to establish orderly government for large territories

8. Clovis Rules the Franks
Franks controlled Gaul
Clovis was the leader
Brought Christianity to the region
Discuss how
Clovis’s Frankish kingdom and the Church began a strong partnership.

9. Germans Adopt Christianity
3 Causes of the spread of Christianity
Politics
Frankish rulers and the church converted many
Missionaries
Fear
Coastal attacks by Muslims

10. Monasteries, Convents, and Manuscripts
To adapt to rural conditions
Monasteries built
Places where monks lived
Convents built
Nuns lived
Benedict and Scholastica wrote rules for monks and nuns
(Discuss their lives)
Monasteries became best-education communities

11. Papal Power Expands Under Gregory
590, Gregory I becomes Pope
Also called Gregory the Great
Broadened papacy; it become secular
Now not just a spiritual role but a political one too
Discuss what he did

12. An Empire Evolves
After the Roman Empire, small kingdoms were all over Europe

13. Charles Martel Emerges
Major Domo (mayor of the palace)
Most powerful person in the Frankish kingdom

14. Charles Martel Emerges Cont.d’
719: Charles Martel (Charles the Hammer)
Extended Franks reign
Defeated Muslim raiders
Pepin the Short
Wanted to be king
Working with the pope he fought the Lombard's
Pope anointed him “king by the grace of God”
Carolingian Dynasty begins
Ruled Franks from

15. Charlemagne Becomes Emperor
After Pepin’s death, kingdom went to his two sons
Carloman
Charles, also known as
Charlemagne
Charles the Great

16. Charlemagne Extends Frankish Rule
Largest empire since Rome built
Brought Christianity to newly conquered areas
Reunited western Europe
Charlemagne went to Rome to defeat a group that attacked the pope
Pope Leo III crowns him emperor
Signal of Germanic power, Church and heritage of the Roman Empire

17. Charlemagne Leads a Revival
How did he control his empire?
Limited authority of the nobles
Royal agents sent out to spy on the counts
Personally visited all regions of the empire
Watched the management of his huge estates
Promoted Learning

18. Charlemagne’s Heirs
Charlemagne, a year before his death crowned his son, Louis the Pious, emperor
When Louis died his three sons fought for control
Lothair
Charles the Bald
Louis the German
Treaty of Verdun established
Divided empire into three parts

19. in Europe Section 2 Def: Political system
Nobles granted use of land that belonged to king
Nobles gave loyalty and military services

20. Invaders Attack Western Europe
Muslims
Sicily
Italy
Rome
Magyar
East
Vikings
North

21. The Vikings Invade From the North
Came from Scandinavia
Also called what?
Northmen or Norsemen
Worshiped warlike gods
Took pride in nicknames, like what?
Eric Bloodaxe and Thor Skullsplitter

22. The Vikings Invade From the North Continued
Leif Ericson
North America
What do these two things have in common?
Fewer Vikings
Why?
Accepted Christianity
Warming trend

23. Magyars and Muslims Attack from the East and South
Hungary
Didn’t settle land
What did they do?
Took captives, sold as slaves
Muslims
North Africa
In the 600’s they wanted to settle
In the 800’s what did they want to do?
Plunder

24. Magyars and Muslims Attack from the East and South Cont.d’
Constant danger
Kings couldn’t protect
Local rulers looked to for security

25. Feudalism Structures Society
Based on rights and obligations
Discuss how these terms are related
Lord
Fief
vassal

26. A New Social Order: Feudalism
Rollo (Viking)
Charles the Simple (king of France) met
What was the agreement?

27. The Feudal Pyramid

28. Social Classes are Well Defined
Inherited
Fighters
Prayers
Workers

29. Manors: The Economic Side of Feudalism

30. Manors: The Economic Side of Feudalism Continued
Manor…another name?
Read page 360 for job descriptions

31. A Self-Contained World
Why is it called this?
This simplified depiction lays out the basic elements of a manor and its village. Location along a river was vital not only for water and waste disposal, but to run the mill wheel that drove the round millstones that ground the grain into flour. This view indicates that the peasants used three-field cropping, by which the land is divided in thirds, leaving one third unused, or fallow, each year to allow it to revitalize itself. This technique took a much lighter toll on the land and meant that it could be reused for centuries.

32. The Harshness of Manor Life
Taxes
Tithe
Living Conditions
Life expectancies

33. The Age of Chivalry SECTION 3 Nobles fought each other
Code of behavior began

34. The Technology of Warfare Changes Knights: Warriors on Horseback
Leather saddles and stirrups
Knights: Warriors on Horseback
Occurred with Charles Martel

35. The Warrior’s Role in Feudal Society
Knights rewarded with fiefs
Knight’s obligated to serve in battle
Knighthood and the Code of Chivalry
Defense of three masters

36. A Knight’s Training Page Squire Knight Travel for a year
Joined tournaments

37. Brutal Reality of Warfare
Tournaments not as bloody as real war
Look at page 366

38. The Literature of Chivalry
Castle life idealized
Epic Poetry
King Arthur and Charlemagne legendary heroes
The Song of Roland one of the earliest

39. Love Poems and Songs Troubadours traveled the countryside
Code of chivalry promoted a false image of knight
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Mother of Richard the Lion-hearted and John

40. Women’s Role in Feudal Society (Powerless and seen as inferior)
Noblewomen
Could
Inherit estate from husband, but most passed down to sons
Send knights to war
Act as military commander and warrior
Defend castles
Lives limited
Peasant Women
Life unchanged
Their work was essential to the household