1. Korean Language Morphology
AMELIA BINTI AZNAWI FARIS
INTRODUCTION TO LINGUISTICS

2. What is Morphology?
Morphology is the identification, anaylysis, and description of the structure of a given language’s morphemes and other linguistic units.

3. Methods to get new words:
BLENDING
COMPOUNDING
DERIVATION
BORROWING
INFLECTION
CLIPPING

4. Types of Compounding: English: - Native Compounding
(eg. Sunshine, nationwide, farfetched)
- Nonnative Compounding
(eg. Automobile, pentagon, microscope)
Korea:
- Native Compounds
- Sino-Korean Compounds

5. Native Compounds
Native Compounds consist of native Korean words each of which belongs to one of the categories Noun, Verb, or Adverb.

6. Native Compounds Noun+noun: 눈물 “tears”= 눈 “eye” + 물 “water”
(nunmul) (nun) (mul)
Adverb+noun:
곱슬 머리 “curly hairs”= 곱슬 “curved” + 머리 “hair”
(kobseul mori) (kobseul) (mori)
Predicate+noun:
늦잠 “oversleeping”= 늦“late” + 잠 “sleeping”
(naj jam) (naj) (jam)

7. Sino-Korean Compounds
Sino-Korean Compounds are composed of Sino-Korean roots all of which are monosyllabic.

8. Sino-Korean Compounds
[tæ] + [hak] = [tæ hag]
“big” “learn” “College”
[ca] + [toŋ] = [cadoŋ]
“self” “move” “Automatic”

9. Types of Derivational
The derivational formation takes an affixe (eg. Either prefix or suffix)
Prefixes: A prefix is placed at the beginning of a word to modify or change its meaning. Pre means "before.“
Suffixes: The ending part of a word that modifies the meaning of the word.

10. Derivational Prefixes
Native Korean prefix: (eg. First)
맏아들 (man-a-deul) “the first son” = 맏 (man) “first”+ 아들 (a-deul) “son”
맏ㄷ딸 (man-a-ddal) “the first daughter” = 맏 (man) “first” + 딸 (ddal) “daughter”
Sino-Korean prefix: (eg. New)
신일 (sin-eal) “a new comer” = 신 “new” (sin) + 일 (eal) “person”
신학기 (sin-eal) “a new semester” = 신 “new” (sin) + 학기 (eal) “semester”

11. Derivational Suffixes
Native Korean Suffixes: (eg. 꾼 Doer)
일꾼 (eal kkuk) worker = 일(eal) “work” + 꾼 (kkuk) “doer”
장사꾼 (Jangsa kkuk) business man = 장사 (Jangsa) “business”+ 꾼 (kkuk) “man”
Sino Korean Suffixes: (eg. Study)
수학 (su hak) Mathematics = 수 (su) “number” + 학 (hak) “study”
한국학 (hanguk hak) Korea Study = 한국 (hanguk) “Korea” + 학 (hak) “study”

12. Inflection
Inflection refers to the process of adding some kinds of affixes to the original word in order to indicate grammatical features such as tense, number, aspect, and person.
The addition of the affixes changes the shape of the original word in process but it does not change its form class.
The past tense marker 았/ 었 is a two form pre-final endings.

13. Inflection Verb Stem Past Polite speech ending
가 (ka)“go” 았 (wat) 어요 = 갔어요 (went)
오(wo)“come” 았 (wat) 어요= 왔어요 (came)
보(bo)“see” 았 (wat) 어요= 봤어요 (saw)
받(bad)“receive” 았 (wat) 어요= 받았어요 (received)
먹(mok)“eat” 었 (wat) 어요= 먹었어요 (ate)
[Saoyo]

14. Borrowing
Direct loan words carry the same semantic signification from the language that is borrowed.
As there is no substitute available in the Korean language.

15. Borrowing 커피 “Ko-pi” = Coffee 스크린“Seu-ku-rin” = Screen
버스 “Beo-sue” = Bus
크리스마스 “keuriseumaseu” = Christmas
나이스 “naisseu” = Nice
퍼센트 “peosenteu” = Percent

16. Clipping
The word sourced is altered by shortening or abbreviation while the signification and concept is still retained.

17. Clipping
리못콘“Ri-mot-con” = Remote Control
셀프 “Sel-pu” = Self-Service

18. Blending
 That there are elements of both the English and Korean language in the particular term.

19. Blending 감자 “Gam-ja-chip” = Potato chips
방울토마토 “Bang-eul-tomato” = Cherry tomato