1. Surface Preparation & Testing
A Special Presentation on:
CHLOR RID International, Inc.
Products & Uses
The objective of this presentation is to highlight the products of CHLOR RID International, Inc. and their specific functions in relation to surface preparation. The ultimate goal is to provide cost effective and environmentally safe steps for preparing surfaces prior to the protective coating application which will reduce both short and long term costs. In summary, these are products which are useful tools to eliminate the impact of salt induced coating failures and reduce the cost of ownership.

2. H. Mitschke’s award winning 2001 JPCL article:
The Importance of Surface Preparation
“The most important single factor influencing the life of the paint is the
proper preparation of the metal surface”
Corrosion and Corrosion Control, H.H. Uhlig and R. W. Revie
…..And Importance of Salt Decontamination
Best stated by two renowned authors, Uhlig and Revie, in their excellent reference book, Corrosion and Corrosion Control, is the quote you see on the slide.
Further to this, Howard Mitschke, then with Shell Global Solutions, conducted an extensive study on the impact of salts on coating performance. He won an award from SSPC in 2002 and he summarized the results of his findings as noted.
H. Mitschke’s award winning 2001 JPCL article:
A 1µg/cm2 increase in chlorides has the potential to reduce coating life by 50%.

3. The facts:
Irrefutable evidence that surface salts are a leading cause of coating failure.
Numerous references.
The transition from lead based coatings to polymerics makes surface preparation critical
Newer generation thin film coatings are even less tolerant.
Owners are modifying specifications to reflect testing and removal.
Testing and removal is always much less than the cost of failure!
References from the 1980’s are numerous and point to the evidence that residual surface salts are a leading cause of coating failure.
The transition from the use of lead based pigments to polymeric systems today occurred, in many cases, with no changes to surface preparation specifications. Lead in paint made remaining surface salts insoluble. We remember that with lead in paint salts became insoluble.
Interestingly, the newer polymeric and plural systems used today are even less tolerant to residual surface salts.
Many owners have modified their specifications to reflect testing for and removal of soluble salts due to the recognition that premature failures have been attributed to remaining salts and the cost of failure can be a multiple of the original project cost.

4. What causes premature coating failures?
All coatings are permeable to moisture.
If no salts are present, there is no electrolyte present and corrosion does not occur.
All coatings are defined as semipermeable membranes, allowing moisture in the form of vapor to penetrate the coating and come in contact with the substrate metal.
The salt is an electrolyte, which induces corrosion in the presence of moisture since the moisture is attracted to the salt.
Accurate detection of the surface salts is critical to achieving full life cycle coating performance. Without salts present, this form of corrosion is prevented.
When moisture passes through a coating and comes in contact with a soluble salt, the corrosion process starts.
Summary: Detection of surface salts is critical for life cycle coating performance.

5. This is a visual of the physics of the osmotic gradient of moisture moving from an area of low concentration to one of high concentration. Moisture passes through the coating represented in green to an area of high salt solution concentration.
Once equalized, the moisture transmission rates drop.

6. The effect of non-visible surface salts
Coating over salts has drastic effects. Moisture passing through the coating to the substrate where salts remain create the perfect environment for salt induced corrosion, followed by osmotic blistering and then coating failure.

7. Surface Condition Prior to Blasting
Marine environment;
Deicing salts;
Environmental fallout
Surface salts?
Test
Ion specific, accurate, and easy to use field test kits:
CHLOR*TEST: Field test kit for surface chloride.
e_CHLOR*TEST: Electronic measurement of chloride contamination.
CHLOR*TEST CSN: Measurement of chloride, sulfate, and nitrate contamination.
CHLOR*TEST ‘A’: Chloride ion test for abrasives.
CHLOR*TEST ‘C’: Chloride ion test in concrete.
CHLOR*TEST ‘W’: Chloride test for water.
NEW!
CHLOR RID has various field test kits for measuring salts easily and accurately.
In marine environments, or where deicing salts are prevalent, or there is atmospheric exposure from environmental fallout, surface testing is important for making a decision on which surface preparation steps to follow.
For information on the test kits, please visit the website where the instructions are detailed.
Check out the website for details and instructions.
Your text here

8. Salts exceed specifications
Surface Condition Prior to Blasting
Marine environment;
Deicing salts;
Environmental fallout
Surface salts?
Test
Salts exceed specifications No
Yes
Immediately after blasting or even before blasting by wire brushing a small test area of the substrate, the presence of residual surface salts can be determined. Salt contamination is very prevalent, especially in marine environments or where deicing salts are applied.
If these are present and exceed the specified or recommended limits, CHLOR*RID can be applied to efficiently remove residual surface salts.
HOLD*BLAST
CHLOR*RID
Your text here

9. Blasting particles cannot adequately remove surface bound salts
Abrasives may remove some surface salts on flat surfaces, yet in the imperfections of the substrate and where salts will concentrate, salts will remain. It is well documented that abrasives will not remove salts to satisfactory levels. In others words, the visual appearance alone is an incomplete assessment of the surface condition. Keep this surface crosscut magnification in mind as we move to the following slides.

10. How to use CHLOR*RID For immersion, splash or atmospheric services.
Pressure wash (3,000 psi min.)
Surface application generally at 1:100 dilution
No need to rinse.
Vapor abrasive blasting
Surface application at 1:100 dilution.
Rinse with 1:50 dilution HOLD*BLAST.
CHLOR*RID is supplied in a concentrated form that is generally diluted at a 1:100 ratio with clean potable water and applied to the surface with a minimum 3,000 psi pressure washer. The function of the pressure washing is to flush the entire surface including the entire profile created during abrasive blasting allowing the functional chemicals to disbond surface salts.
No rinsing of the surface is required after applying CHLOR*RID. No film is left on the surface.
CHLOR*RID is compatible with all coating systems.
For vapor abrasive blasting, the same 1:100 dilution with with clean potable water can be used. To rinse and remove particulate matter left on the surface by this preparation method, rinsing is recommended with HOLD*BLAST.
Test before, during, and after CHLOR*RID application!

11. Comparison White metal blast surface under magnification
Contaminant free white metal after CHLOR*RID 5,000 psi wash
This slide provides you with comparative visuals under high magnification of a white metal blasted surface on the left with remaining salt contamination. This same area on the right shows the contaminant free white metal surface after a 5,000 psi pressure wash with CHLOR*RID.
Courtesy of Enviroline Group

12. Reconditioning a 1950’s Vineyard Trailer
Trailer identified with 7 to 12 µg/cm2of chloride.
Vapor blast with CHLOR*RID, followed
by a sprayer rinse with HOLD*BLAST.
As a field test case, an old Central Valley, CA vineyard trailer with 7 to 12 µg/cm2 of chloride contamination was vapor abrasive blasted with CHLOR*RID at the 1:100 dilution rate and then spray rinsed with HOLD*BLAST.
The surface stayed in the final condition shown for over 5 days and up until the time it was coated.
Close ups of the finished
surface preparation.

13. CHLOR*RID BENEFITS Dilute with potable water.
Proven soluble salt remover.
One time application
Apply through any high pressure equipment.
Economical:
Pennies per square foot.
Stocking points close to markets;
Wide distribution network.
Easy to handle and easy to apply.
Removes surface oils.
No rewashing prior to coating.
Environmentally friendly.
. The benefits of CHLOR*RID are many.
Simple potable water suffices for the dilution of CHLOR*RID in the field. No need for DI or demineralized water which are expense and difficult to obtain the field.
Thousands of projects have included CHLOR*RID. It is a one time application product, making it very productive in the field.
CHLOR*RID is compatible with all coatings.
Any high pressure equipment can be used with CHLOR*RID, inclusive of UHP, and with no concern about the high pressure compressor or other hardward.
For pennies a square foot surfaces are effectively decontaminated.
We have a wide network of distributors as well as strategic stocking points.
CHLOR*RID is very easy to handle and apply.
It removes light oils.
No rinsing or rewashing prior to coating is required.
Lastly, but very important, is the fact that CHLOR*RID is environmentally friend.

14. Surface Condition Prior to Blasting
Marine environment;
Deicing salts;
Environmental fallout
Surface salts?
Test No
Yes
Back to the decision tree on steps to follow during surface preparation.
If the substrate surface is tested and determined to be below specified or recommended levels of salt, HOLD*BLAST can be applied to the surface to extend the window between blasting and painting. Specific to vapor abrasive blasting, HOLD*BLAST can be added to the water in a 1:50 dilution rate to keep surfaces from flash rusting. Depending on the conditions and quality of the water, higher dilutions can be just as effective in preventing flash rust.
HOLD*BLAST
CHLOR*RID
Your text here

15. HOLD*BLASTTM Surface Passivator Defined:
Chemically changes the surface to a less reactive state.
Eliminates surface corrosion caused by wet metal surfaces.
Stops the formation of rust.
Application:
Apply at 50:1 dilution with potable water.
Use a minimum 1,500 psi pressure washer to drive into the surface profile.
Add to the water with vapor abrasive blasting.
Surface rinse without the abrasive to remove particulates
HOLD*BLAST chemically forms a benign passivation layer on the surface, keeping the active metal from flash rusting. The single molecular layer on the surface prevents atmospheric oxygen from coming in contact with the surface.
The recommended application rate is 1:50 with clean potable water. Depending on quality of the water, the dilution can be modified to provide the same performance.
A 1,500 psi pressure washer helps to flush the entire profile surface for achieving the surface coverage needed.
In vapor abrasive blasting, HOLD*BLAST is added to the water. Since vapor abrasive blasted surfaces require rinsing to remove remaining fractured particulate matter, rinsing with the HOLD*BLAST by simply turning off the abrasive through the nozzle will clean the surface.

16. HOLD*BLAST BENEFITS Dilute with potable water:
No demineralized, high purity water required.
No concerns with residue (scum) on evaporation.
Prevents flash rust for up to 72 hours, or longer.
Apply through any high pressure equipment.
Economical:
Pennies per square foot.
Eliminate high cost of brush blasting.
Stocking points close to markets;
Wide distribution network.
Easy to handle and easy apply.
No rewashing prior to coating.
Environmentally friendly.
The benefits of HOLD*BLAST are listed here. (READ THROUGH THE LIST)
In summary, the product is easy to use and a very economical alternative.

17. Oil Field Equipment Refurbment
Vapor blast with HOLD*BLAST
72 hours after HOLD*BLAST application.
Field testing of HOLD*BLAST on oil field equipment with years of service provided a perfect platform for proving its passivation properties.
Even after 120 hours, the surfaces treated with HOLD*BLAST did not have any flash rust formation. The equipment was coated shortly thereafter.
120 hours after HOLD*BLAST application

18. To Summarize:
It is impossible to combine a salt remover and a metal surface inhibitor.
An acidic product is required to effectively remove surface salts.
A-A-A: The steel fabricating and auto industries have followed this practice for over 90 years.
An inhibitor will mask salts, preventing detection. Coatings fail because salts remain!
Reference: ISO Alkaline treatments form a boundary layer, preventing salt removal.
To summarize, the following is emphasized:
1. Functionally, an appropriate acidic treatment is required on metal surfaces for salt decontamination. We have borrowed from the steel fabricating and auto industries which have been following the A-A-A practice of metal cleaning for almost 100 years. Since they clean billions of parts annually, I am certain they would have combined treating steps if they could. The Alkaline degreaser is followed by an Acidic surface salt decontamination step and THEN followed by an Alkaline surface passivation step. Each step is mutually exclusive and chemically cannot be combined Further to this is the pipe coating industry which uses an acid wash to remove identified surface salts.
2. Passivation products, also known as inhibitors, will mask the presence of salts because of the blanketing layer formed on the surface. Not only will alkaline passivation products not remove salts adequately and to levels required in specifications but they will mask the presence of surface salts. In other words, don’t test surfaces for salts after the use of an alkaline topical treatment because your results will generate a false negative as cautioned in the referenced ISO standard.

19. CHLOR RID Contacts: Office: 800-422-3217; info@chlor-rid.com
Territories: Northwest Doug Johnson
West: Tim Guidera
Midwest: Phil Herzing
Gulf Coast: Norman Petticrew
Southeast: Robert Richter
Northeast: Regis Doucette
Our sales staff provides technical support in the field and the company’s management team has extensive field and technical experience to provide guidance in the use of CHLOR RID products.

20. Thank you! For more information: www.chlor-rid.com Thank you!
For more information, you are invited to visit the CHLOR RID website.
For more information: