1. Electricity

2. Electricity does not occupy space or have physical or chemical properties so it is not matter. It is a form of energy that, when in motion, exhibits magnetic, chemical, or thermal effects.

3. ELECTRIC CURRENT This is the flow of electricity along a conductor
ELECTRIC CURRENT This is the flow of electricity along a conductor. All substances can be classified as either conductors or insulators, depending on the ease with which a current can be transmitted through them.
Modality – The type of current

4. CONDUCTOR -Any substance, material, or medium that conducts electricity. Most metals are good conductors. Copper is good and used in electric wiring and electric motors. Pure water does not conduct electricity, but the ions in ordinary water make it a good conductor.
INSULATOR Also known as a nonconductor is a substance that does not easily transmit electricity. All these are good insulators of electricity.
1. Rubber
2. Silk
3. Wood
4. Glass
5. Cement

5. Types of Current Direct Current Alternating Current
Rapid, interrupted current flowing in one direction then another.
It produces a mechanical action. Appliances plugged into the
wall use an alternating current.
Constant, even-flowing current, traveling in ONE direction. It produces
a chemical reaction.
Frequency is the number of cycles per second

6. AC DC Converter- changes DC to AC Rectifier- changes AC to DC
Hertz Rating- indicates the number of cycles per second that a generator alternates current

7. ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS
Volt - Measures the pressure that forces electric current forward. Higher voltage increases strength of current because more electrons are moving; lower is weaker. (Example: An air conditioner uses a great deal more power than a table fan.)

8. Electrical Measurements
Ampere - Also called amp. Measures the strength of current running through a wire (the number of electrons flowing through a wire).

9. Electrical Measurements
Ohm- Measures resistance of an electric current. The force or voltage must be stronger than the resistance of ohms for electricity to flow through a wire.

10. Electrical Measurements
Watt - Measures how much electric energy is used in one second. Example: a 60 watt light bulb uses 60 watts of energy per second

11. Underwriters Laboratory
UL is the trusted source across the globe for product compliance. Benefiting a range of customers - from manufacturers and retailers to consumers and regulating bodies - we've tested products for public safety for more than a century.

12. Open and Closed Circuit
Open Circuit – when the electrical path is broken or not complete.
Closed Circuit – when the electrical path is complete and unbroken

13. Overload and Short Circuit

14. Fuse and Circuit Breakers

15. Shock
Local- passes through a small part of the body, and can cause burns and muscle contractions
General – passes through the nervous system , can cause the heart to stop and breathing to cease and the muscles to convulse

16. Electrotherapy Modality – type of electrical current
Polarity- the positive or negative pull of a current

17. Galvanic DC Electrochemical Effect (ionization)
Has positive or negative charge
Phoresis- forcing water based solution into the skin with galvanic current

18. Galvanic - Ionphoresis
Breaking down of product molecules so the product can penetrate the skin more effectively.
Treatment in which the deeper layers of the epidermis are built up or nourished
Method used: Cataphoresis – acid solution and positive pole
Benefits:
Product penetration
Tighten and firms tissue
Contracts follicle walls
Constricts blood vessels and decreases blood flow
Decreases sensitivity
Creates an antibacterial effect on the skin
Relieves post extraction irritation

19. Ionphoresis

20. Galvanic – Desincrustation
Treatment in which blockages in the skin are broken down, also known as a deep pore cleansing
Takes the sebum of the skin and turns it into lye (sodium hydroxide)
Method used: Anaphoresis- Alkaline solution and a negative pole
Saponification occurs
Benefits:
Softens tissues
Expands pores
Increases blood flow
Increases sensitivity
Removes excess sebum
Deep pore cleansing

21. Desincrustation
Sebum + alkaline solution+ negative current = saponification ( the process of turning oil into lye)

22. Electrodes, Active and Inactive

23. High Frequency “Telsa Current” AC
Electrode filled with gas (argon (purple) or neon) O3
Thermo
3 methods:
Direct
Indirect
Sparking

24. Sparking O3 (too much can damage tissue leaving brown marks)
Helps dry up areas
Sparking gap

25. Direct HF O3 – germicidal effect Reduces inflammation Treats oily skin
Helps clear blemishes
Stimulates surface tissue
Creates thermal effect
Increases Circulation
Dries surface of the skin

26. Indirect HF Stimulates glandular activity Aids in product penetration
Assist in massage of mature skin
Induces relaxation
Thermal effect

27. Faradic “passive form of exercise”
Stimulation to the motor point can cause muscle contractions
Mechanical, non chemical reaction
Improves muscle tone
Stimulates glandular activity
Increases circulation

28. Sinusoidal Similar to faradic but allows for deeper penetration
Indirect method only

29. Contraindications for Electrotherapy
Pregnancy
Heart condition
Epilepsy
Open cuts or sores
Diabetes
Couperose
Metal plates or pins
Clients on strong acne medications
Clients with hypersensitive skin

30. Light Therapy

31. Visible Light Fluorescent – blue or cool tones
Incandescent – red or warm tones
White light- combination light

32. Invisible Light UV UVA – aging rays UVB- burning rays
UVC- beyond ozone
Produces vitamin D

33. Invisible Light – Infrared
Produces heat
Increases circulation
Increases glandular activity
Relaxes muscles
Stimulates tissue and cell activity
Antibacterial effect
Used on acne prone skins
Allows for better product penetration

34. Equipment
Magnification Lamp
Woods Lamp

35. Equipment Lighted magnification 3, 5, or 10 diopter
Mag Lamp or loupe
Lighted magnification
3, 5, or 10 diopter
30x, 50x or 10x magnification
Woods Lamp
Black light
Blue/white- normal
Bright fluorescent- hydrated
Light violet- dehydrated
Purple- thin skin dehydrated
White- dead skin cells
White fluorescent- thick corneum layer
Yellow, pink, orange- oily areas or clogged pores
Brown- pigmentation, sun damage

36. Skin Scope

37. Steamer Soften dead skin cells Expand pores Hydrate
Increase circulation
Better product penetration O3
Helps eliminate toxins
Increase cell metabolism
inches from the face for 3-5 minutes
Cannot be used on sensitive, couperose, rosacea, sunburn, irritations, open cuts and sores, heart problems

38. Suction Machine Deep pore cleansing Prep for extractions
Increases circulation
Has massaging effects
Not to be used on rosacea, couperose, heart problems, infected acne, sensitive skin

39. Spray Machine Water based solution Toning
Stimulates nerve ending and cellular metabolism

40. Lucas Spray Dr Lucas Championniere
One beaker holds the herbs to be pulverized
The other beaker catches the liquid
Very fine mist

41. Brush Machine Exfoliates Dry brushing Buffing Increases circulation
Sloughs off dead skin
Exfoliation factors apply

42. Microdermabrasion Aluminum oxide crystals
Fine lines, hyper pigmentation and superficial scarring