1. Learning

2. Print out the handouts 1. Classical conditioning - Q (Questions)
2. Classical conditioning – A (Answers)
3. Reinforcement & Punishment
4. Reinforcement schedules

3. Classical conditioning Pavlov
Learning to associate one thing (the stimulus) with another, producing a behavior (the response).

4. Classical conditioning Pavlov
Classical conditioning Questions

5. Classical conditioning Pavlov
Complete the classical conditioning questions handout
The answers for the first two cases are on the slides below
3. Complete remainder on your own
The answers are in the
“Classical Conditioning - A “ handout

6. 1. Omar at the dentist Unconditioned Stimulus: Unconditioned Response:
While Omar was having a cavity filled by his dentist, a few times the drill hit a nerve that had not been dulled by anesthetic. Each time he cringed in pain. Omar now gets anxious each time he sees the dentist.
Unconditioned Stimulus:
Unconditioned Response:
Conditioned Stimulus:
Conditioned Response:

7. 1. Omar at the dentist Unconditioned Stimulus: Drill hitting the nerve
While Omar was having a cavity filled by his dentist, a few times the drill hit a nerve that had not been dulled by anesthetic. Each time he cringed in pain. Omar now gets anxious each time he sees the dentist.
Unconditioned Stimulus: Drill hitting the nerve
Unconditioned Response:
Conditioned Stimulus:
Conditioned Response:

8. 1. Omar at the dentist Unconditioned Stimulus: Drill hitting the nerve
While Omar was having a cavity filled by his dentist, a few times the drill hit a nerve that had not been dulled by anesthetic. Each time he cringed in pain. Omar now gets anxious each time he sees the dentist.
Unconditioned Stimulus: Drill hitting the nerve
Unconditioned Response: Cringing
Conditioned Stimulus:
Conditioned Response:

9. 1. Omar at the dentist Unconditioned Stimulus: Drill hitting the nerve
While Omar was having a cavity filled by his dentist, a few times the drill hit a nerve that had not been dulled by anesthetic. Each time he cringed in pain. Omar now gets anxious each time he sees the dentist.
Unconditioned Stimulus: Drill hitting the nerve
Unconditioned Response: Cringing
Conditioned Stimulus: Seeing the dentist
Conditioned Response:

10. 1. Omar at the dentist Unconditioned Stimulus: Drill hitting the nerve
While Omar was having a cavity filled by his dentist, a few times the drill hit a nerve that had not been dulled by anesthetic. Each time he cringed in pain. Omar now gets anxious each time he sees the dentist.
Unconditioned Stimulus: Drill hitting the nerve
Unconditioned Response: Cringing
Conditioned Stimulus: Seeing the dentist
Conditioned Response: Cringing

11. 2. Maria eats fried chicken
Maria eats fried chicken that has E. coli in it and ends up vomiting for hours that night. Luckily, she recovers within a day, but now just the thought (or the sight or the smell) of fried chicken makes her nauseated.
Unconditioned Stimulus:
Unconditioned Response:
Conditioned Stimulus:
Conditioned Response:

12. 2. Maria eats fried chicken
Maria eats fried chicken that has E. coli in it and ends up vomiting for hours that night. Luckily, she recovers within a day, but now just the thought (or the sight or the smell) of fried chicken makes her nauseated.
Unconditioned Stimulus: E. Coli
Unconditioned Response:
Conditioned Stimulus:
Conditioned Response:

13. 2. Maria eats fried chicken
Maria eats fried chicken that has E. coli in it and ends up vomiting for hours that night. Luckily, she recovers within a day, but now just the thought (or the sight or the smell) of fried chicken makes her nauseated.
Unconditioned Stimulus: E. Coli
Unconditioned Response: Vomiting
Conditioned Stimulus:
Conditioned Response:

14. 2. Maria eats fried chicken
Maria eats fried chicken that has E. coli in it and ends up vomiting for hours that night. Luckily, she recovers within a day, but now just the thought (or the sight or the smell) of fried chicken makes her nauseated.
Unconditioned Stimulus: E. Coli
Unconditioned Response: Vomiting
Conditioned Stimulus: Thought or sight or smell of fried chicken
Conditioned Response:

15. 2. Maria eats fried chicken
Maria eats fried chicken that has E. coli in it and ends up vomiting for hours that night. Luckily, she recovers within a day, but now just the thought (or the sight or the smell) of fried chicken makes her nauseated.
Unconditioned Stimulus: E. Coli
Unconditioned Response: Vomiting
Conditioned Stimulus: Thought or sight or smell of fried chicken
Conditioned Response: Nausea

16. Classical conditioning Pavlov
Complete remainder on your own
All answers are in the
“Classical Conditioning - A” Handout

17. Operant conditioning B. F. Skinner
Behavior is influenced by its consequences.
Reinforcement increases behavior
Positive reinforcement – getting what you do want
Negative reinforcement – eliminating what you don’t want
Punishment reduces behavior
Positive punishment – Getting what you don’t want
Negative punishment – Not getting what you do want
Skinner Box

18. Reinforcement & punishment
Class handout
B. F. Skinner
Skinner Box

19. Reinforcement & punishment handout
B. F. Skinner
Determine the type of reinforcement
or punishment for these cases.
The answers for cases 1- 4
are in the slides below
Complete the rest on your own
All Answers are provided
in a slide below
Skinner Box

20. Reinforcement & punishment
What behavior is changing?
Reinforcement increases behavior
Punishment decreases behavior
Something added = positive
Something subtracted = negative
1. When Olivia makes rude noises at the dinner table, she gets her mouth washed out with soap. She doesn’t make rude noises that often anymore.
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment

21. Reinforcement & punishment
What behavior is changing?
Reinforcement increases behavior
Punishment decreases behavior
Something added = positive
Something subtracted = negative
1. When Olivia makes rude noises at the dinner table, she gets her mouth washed out with soap. She doesn’t make rude noises that often anymore.
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
“Positive” does not mean good.

22. Reinforcement & punishment
What behavior is changing?
Reinforcement increases behavior
Punishment decreases behavior
Something added = positive
Something subtracted = negative
2. Little Joey gets yelled at when he acts up in class. Now he’s acting up even more.
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment

23. Reinforcement & punishment
What behavior is changing?
Reinforcement increases behavior
Punishment decreases behavior
Something added = positive
Something subtracted = negative
2. Little Joey gets yelled at when he acts up in class. Now he’s acting up even more.
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment

24. Reinforcement & punishment
What behavior is changing?
Reinforcement increases behavior
Punishment decreases behavior
Something added = positive
Something subtracted = negative
3. Because Tameka earned an A in each of her classes, she doesn’t have to do her usual chore of vacuuming this month. She’s studying even more now.
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment

25. Reinforcement & punishment
What behavior is changing?
Reinforcement increases behavior
Punishment decreases behavior
Something added = positive
Something subtracted = negative
3. Because Tameka earned an A in each of her classes, she doesn’t have to do her usual chore of vacuuming this month. She’s studying even more now.
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment

26. Reinforcement & punishment
What behavior is changing?
Reinforcement increases behavior
Punishment decreases behavior
Something added = positive
Something subtracted = negative
4. Ray came home past curfew, so he was not allowed to drive for the following week. He hasn’t missed a curfew since.
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment

27. Reinforcement & punishment
What behavior is changing?
Reinforcement increases behavior
Punishment decreases behavior
Something added = positive
Something subtracted = negative
4. Ray came home past curfew, so he was not allowed to drive for the following week. He hasn’t missed a curfew since.
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment

28. Reinforcement & punishment handout
Here are the answers for your reference:
1. Positive punishment
2. Positive reinforcement
3. Negative reinforcement
4. Negative punishment
5. Positive reinforcement
6. Negative punishment
7. Negative reinforcement
8. Positive reinforcement

29. Reinforcement schedules: Complete this before going on
Class handout

30. Answers
= Variable Ratio

31. = Variable Ratio
= Fixed Ratio

32. = Variable Ratio
= Fixed Ratio
= Variable ratio

33. = Variable Ratio
= Fixed Ratio
= Variable ratio
= Variable ratio

34. = Variable Ratio
= Fixed Ratio
= Variable ratio
= Variable ratio
= Fixed interval

35. = Variable Ratio
= Fixed Ratio
= Variable ratio
= Variable ratio
= Fixed interval
= Fixed ratio

36. = Variable Ratio
= Fixed Ratio
= Variable ratio
= Variable ratio
= Fixed interval
= Fixed ratio
= Variable
interval

37. = Variable Ratio
= Fixed Ratio
= Variable ratio
= Variable ratio
= Fixed interval
= Fixed ratio
= Variable
interval
= Variable interval

38. = Variable Ratio
= Fixed Ratio
= Variable ratio
= Variable ratio
= Fixed interval
= Fixed ratio
= Variable
interval
= Variable interval
= Fixed ratio

39. = Variable Ratio
= Fixed Ratio
= Variable ratio
= Variable ratio
= Fixed interval
= Fixed ratio
= Variable
interval
= Variable interval
= Fixed ratio
= Fixed interval

40. A. Fixed schedule B. Variable schedule
What reinforcement schedule, when stopped, will cause the behavior to continue the longest?
A. Fixed schedule
B. Variable schedule

41. A. Fixed schedule B. Variable schedule
What reinforcement schedule, when stopped, will cause the behavior to continue the longest?
A. Fixed schedule
B. Variable schedule

42. Which schedule do slot machines use?
What reinforcement schedule, when stopped, will cause the behavior to continue the longest?
Which schedule do slot machines use?
A. Fixed schedule
B. Variable schedule

43. Which schedule do slot machines use?
What reinforcement schedule, when stopped, will cause the behavior to continue the longest?
Which schedule do slot machines use?
A. Fixed schedule
B. Variable schedule

44. Reinforcement & punishment
What would cause reinforcements and punishments to not work?
Cognitive (thought) processes – Is the reinforcement worth it?
Opposing reinforcers – Do I like doing something else better?
Is the punishment worse than the reward?

45. Jim is a forest ranger because he needs the money, whereas, Matt is a forest ranger because he wants to save the forests.
Jim has what type of motivation?
A. Intrinsic motivation
B. Extrinsic motivation
C. None of the above

46. Jim is a forest ranger because he needs the money, whereas, John is a forest ranger because he wants to save the forests.
Jim has what type of motivation?
A. Intrinsic motivation
B. Extrinsic motivation
C. None of the above

47. Jim is a forest ranger because he needs the money, whereas, Matt is a forest ranger because he wants to save the forests.
Matt has what type of motivation?
A. Intrinsic motivation
B. Extrinsic motivation
C. None of the above

48. Jim is a forest ranger because he needs the money, whereas, Matt is a forest ranger because he wants to save the forests.
Matt has what type of motivation?
A. Intrinsic motivation
B. Extrinsic motivation
C. None of the above

49. Little Jimmy was bitten by a dog
Little Jimmy was bitten by a dog. Now he is afraid of the little dog next door even when that dog is friendly. What happened?
A. Shaping
B. Positive punishment
C. Classical conditioning
D. None of the above

50. Little Jimmy was bitten by a dog
Little Jimmy was bitten by a dog. Now he is afraid of the little dog next door even when that dog is friendly. What happened?
A. Shaping
B. Positive punishment
C. Classical conditioning
D. None of the above - Generalization

51. When potty training little Jonny, his Mother praise him when he went into the bathroom. Then only praised him when he sat on the toilet, then only when he went in the toilet.
What method was Mommy using?
A. Secondary reinforcement
B. Generalization
C. Shaping
D. Spontaneous recovery
E. None of the above

52. When potty training little Jonny, his Mother praise him when he went into the bathroom. Then only praised him when he sat on the toilet, then only when he went in the toilet.
What method was Mommy using?
A. Secondary reinforcement
B. Generalization
C. Shaping
D. Spontaneous recovery
E. None of the above

53. What type of learning is shown here?
A. Classical learning
B. Operant learning
C. Reinforcement learning
D. None of the above

54. What type of learning is shown here?
A. Classical learning
B. Operant learning
C. Reinforcement learning
D. None of the above
(Observational learning)

55. Believe in yourself!
You can do more than you think you can!