1. High Energy High Intensity Hadron Beams
Network
coordinated by W. Scandale and F. Zimmermann
Input from L. Bottura,
J.-P. Koutchouk, E. Laface,
L. Rossi, D. Tommasini,
K. Wittenburg,
High Energy High Intensity Hadron Beams
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris, April 17-18, 2007

2. HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007
CARE-HHH network
Coordinate and integrate the activities of the accelerator and particle physics communities in a worldwide context, towards achieving superior High-Energy High-Intensity Hadron Beam facilities for Europe
road map for the upgrade of the European accelerator infrastructure (LHC and GSI accelerator complex)
coordinate activities and foster future collaborations
dissemination and outreach
WP1: Advancements in Accelerator Magnet Technologies (AMT)
WP2: Novel Methods for Accelerator Beam Instrumentation (ABI)
WP3: Accelerator Physics and synchrotron Design (APD)
Participating institutes:
CEA, CERN, CSIC-CIEMAT, CCLRC, DESY, GSI, INFN, PSI, TEU, WUT
Associated institutes:
CRPP, ENEA, TUBE, ESRF, UPSA, FZK, TEMF, US-LARP (BNL,FNAL,LBNL,SLAC), JINR, IHEP, KEK
Additional collaborations: Texas A&M U., U. Geneva, U. Bologna
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

3. activities since CARE’06
Events:
3 HHH workshops held + HHH-US-LARP coordination meetings
8 further workshops/symposia planned
Dissemination and outreach:
presentations at 2 LHC-detector upgrade workshops, at 3 CERN & INFN management meetings, 3 departmental/project seminars
3 HHH workshop proceedings close to completion
3 articles published in CERN Courier
HHH web sites maintained & developed
Exchanges and education:
several Russian, 2 US, and 1 EU accelerator physicist plus 3 representatives of European industry supported for HHH workshops
1 EU scientist supported for 2-week visit to CERN
5 doctoral students
recruited for summer 2007: 3 EU summer students
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

4. HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007
workshops since CARE’06
4th CARE-HHH-ABI workshop on Simulation of BPM Front-End Electronics and Special Mechanical Designs,  Lüneburg, Germany, 30 November - 1 December 2006, Proceedings CARE-Conf HHH
Joint CARE-HHH-APD, CARE-ELAN, and EUROTeV mini-workshop on E-Cloud Clearing (ECL2), CERN, Geneva, 1-2 March 2007
CARE-HHH-APD mini-workshop on Crystal Channeling for Large Colliders: Machine and Physics Applications (CC-2007), CERN, March 2007 
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

5. HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007
major presentations
INFN CSN1 Meeting, Frascati, 28 November 2006
- “H8-RD22 Experiment to test Crystal Collimation for the LHC” W. Scandale
LHCb Upgrade Workshop, Edinburgh, 11 January, 2007
- “LHC Upgrade Plan and Ideas - Scenarios and Constraints from the Machine Side,” invited talk, F. Zimmermann
Joint AB & LHC Project Seminar, CERN, 18 January 2007
– “Baseline Scenario for the LHC Luminosity Upgrade, summary of the CARE-HHH LHC-LUMI-06 workshop” W. Scandale, F. Zimmermann
ATLAS & CMS Detector Electronics Upgrade Workshop, CERN, March 2007
“Two Scenarios for the LHC Luminosity Upgrade” W. Scandale
LHC Project Seminar, CERN, 15 March 2007
- “H8-RD22 Experiment to Test Crystal Collimation for the LHC” W. Scandale
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

6. deliverables & milestones compared with original plan (CARE’06)
Stones (MS) and Intermediate Deliverables (ID).
deliverables & milestones compared with original plan (CARE’06)
2004: HHH & HHH-APD web site => OK
2005: creation of first web-based beam dynamics code
repository => OK
2006: web based database for s.c. cables and magnets
=> OK, 40% complete
milestones:
web reference for IR optics => OK
booster synchrotron optics => delayed to 2007
structured list of intensity limits => nearing completion
scaling laws for magnet and cryogenic cost => 2007
2 summer students
+ 1 doctoral student
1 summer
student
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007
The workshop on Coil Manufacturing Optimization was postponed to

7. Accelerator Magnet Technologies
WP1:
Advancements in
Accelerator Magnet Technologies
(AMT)
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

8. Superconductors Database (SDB)
database structure complete
web interfaces complete
since January’07 collaboration with FNAL and BNL on magnet & cable data sharing
main work left to do: creation of automatic tools which import data from existing databases, e.g., for LHC, Tevatron and RHIC, to SDB core
this last task will be completed with the help of two summer students in 2007
Courtesy E. Laface
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

9. HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007
SDB example
Courtesy E. Laface
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

10. HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007
AMT activity OSOM
design of 2 T pulsed superferric magnet, follow-up of ECOMAG
cable and coil in the iron configured to minimize loss;
conceptual design that dissipates less than 10 W/m in the superconducting coil, and a warm iron (i.e. negligible loss power);
two variants: wide iron and compact version with correction coil, both suitable for a PS upgrade.
other options also examined, such as transmission-line magnets using large current (typically 100 kA), and open gap magnets; these options were discarded because of practical issues (bending radius, magnet size);
summary report within next few weeks [L. Bottura]
also ongoing: comparison of s.c. and n.c. options for fast cycling “PS2”
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

11. HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007
AMT exchanges
F. Broggi (Milano) visited CERN for 2 weeks in April to work on heat deposition in low-b region
Primary goal: change of energy deposition versus distance  between triplet and IP. First study showed little dependence. Question byh US-LARP. Present activity: consolidate the conclusions and explore other parts of the parameter space; collaboration with C. Hoa/CERN on precise FLUKA description of IR1 and IR5, including exact magnetic fields (well advanced); set up a few PC's running the latest version of FLUKA (done); switch to latest FLUKA source (DPMJET), used at CERN; confirm the Valencia results with the latest descriptions, source and FLUKA version; prepare a study program of study showing parameter regions still to be explored;  investigate these (aperture, insertion length, crossing angle) [J.-P. Koutchouk]
E. Laface visited FNAL & BNL for 1 week to coordinate work on s.c. database
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

12. HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007
planned AMT workshop
27-28 September: CARE-HHH-AMT workshop on Heat Generation and Heat Transfer in Superconducting Magnets (THERMOMAG’07), Paris, 2 days minimizing and evacuating heat in the next generation of superconducting magnets for high intensity particle accelerators, such as the IR magnet for the LHC luminosity upgrade and the fast cycling magnets for FAIR and for the LHC injector chain upgrade; identify the state of the art on (1) cooling techniques (fluids and regimes), (2) heat transfer mechanisms, (3) modeling of heat transfer from coils to cooling system, (4) heat transfer experiments; identify a common set of thermal design criteria
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

13. Accelerator Beam Instrumentation
WP2:
Novel Methods for
Accelerator Beam Instrumentation
(ABI)
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

14. HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007
4th ABI workshop
27 participants: 6 CERN, 7 DESY, 5 GSI, 1 CEA, 2 RAL, 2 Globes Electronics, 3 Kyocera, 1 FNAL
topics: BPM sensors, BPM electronics, cold BPMs
proceedings almost ready, will be published as CARE-Conf HHH
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

15. HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007
planned ABI workshop
End of 2007: HHH-ABI annual workshop on Tools for Diagnostic Systems at High-Intensity (Pre-) Accelerators; Emittance Preservation and Measurements in the Accelerator Chain, GSI, Germany
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

16. and synchrotron Design
WP3:
Accelerator Physics
and synchrotron Design
(APD)
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

17. HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007
CERN Courier 2, 2007
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

18. LHC upgrade parameters
25 ns, smaller b*
50 ns, long
transverse emittance
3.75
protons per bunch
1.7
4.9
bunch spacing 25 50
beam current
0.86
1.22
longitudinal profile
Gauss
Flat
rms bunch length
7.55
14.4
beta* at IP1&5
0.08
0.25
full crossing angle
100
381
Piwinski parameter
0.60
2.5
peak luminosity
15.5
8.9
events per crossing
296
340
initial lumi lifetime
2.1
5.3
effective luminosity
(Tturnaround=5 h)
3.6
3.5
4.6
6.7
e-c heat SEY=1.4(1.3)
1.04 (0.59)
0.36 (0.1)
SR heat load K
0.36
image current heat
0.33
0.78
gas-s. 100 h (10 h) tb
0.06 (0.56)
0.09 (0.9)
D0 + crab
wire comp.
two LHC
upgrade
scenarios
developed at
LUMI’06:
25 ns and
50 ns spacing
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

19. HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007
upgrade bunch structures
25 ns
50 ns
nominal
ultimate
& 25-ns upgrade
50-ns upgrade, no
50-ns upgrade
with 25-ns
collisions
in LHCb
new alternative!
new baseline!
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

20. HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007
luminosity evolution
25 ns
spacing
50 ns
spacing
average
luminosity
initial luminosity peak
may not be useful for physics
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

21. HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007
event pile up
50 ns
spacing
25 ns
spacing
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

22. HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007
25 ns, low b*,
with leveling
50 ns, long
bunches, with leveling
events/crossing
300
run time
N/A
2.5 h
av. luminosity
2.6x1034s-1cm-2
150
14.8 h
2.9x1034s-1cm-2 75
9.9 h
26.4 h
1.7x1034s-1cm-2
assuming 5 h turn-around time
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

23. HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007
luminosity evolution
with leveling
150 events / crossing
25 ns
spacing
50 ns
spacing
average
luminosity
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

24. HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007
dynamic b squeeze
for 50-ns option
DN150
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

25. HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007
dynamic bunch length
change for 50-ns option
we might also reduce the charge/bunch
and go for shorter bunches
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

26. HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007
IR upgrade optics
“compact low-gradient” NbTi, b*=25 cm
<75 T/m (Riccardo De Maria, Oliver Bruning)
“modular low gradient” NbTi, b*=25 cm
<90 T/m (Riccardo De Maria, Oliver Bruning)
“low bmax low-gradient” NbTi, b*=25 cm
<125 T/m (Riccardo De Maria, Oliver Bruning)
standard Nb3Sn upgrade, b*=25 cm
~200 T/m, 2 versions with different magnet parameters
(Tanaji Sen et al, Emmanuel Laface, Walter Scandale)
+ crab-waist sextupole insertions? (LNF/FP7)
early separation with b*=8 cm, Nb3Sn
includes D0; either triplet closer to IP or Q0;
being prepared for PAC’07 (Jean-Pierre Koutchouk et al)
compatible
with
50-ns
upgrade
path
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

27. HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007
crab waist scheme
initiated and led
by LNF in the
frame of FP7;
first beam tests
at DAFNE
later in 2007
Hamiltonian
minimizes b at s=-x/qc
realization:
add sextupoles at right
phase distance from IP
focal plane
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

28. HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007
phased LHC upgrade
recent CERN management decision: early IR upgrade (“phase-1”): based on NbTi magnets, implemented ~2012
“low-gradient” large-aperture NbTi optics solutions developed by HHH are three good candidates
IR optics selection by Lyn Evans in 2007; input from HHH studies
more ambitious Nb3Sn upgrade and higher luminosity planned in a 2nd phase
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

29. HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007
ECL2 workshop
35 participants: 16 CERN (4 AB/ABP, 1 AB/OP, 7 AB/RF, 2 AT-VAC, 2 TS), 3 German enamel industry (Eisenwerke Dueker, Wendel ), 4 US (BNL, Cornell, LBNL & SLAC), 1 KEK, others from European institutes (Astec, LNF, DESY, ANKA, U. Rostock, CELLS, U. Sannio, ESRF)
topics: CERN NEG coating facility, motivation, technological solutions, simulations, beam measurements, impedance, for PS2, SPS upgrade, LHC upgrade, CLIC & ILC
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

30. ECL2: solutions against electron cloud
slotted vacuum chamber (W. Bruns) New!
enamel electrodes (F. Caspers) New!
electrete inserts (F. Caspers) New!
NEG coating (P. Chiggiato)
slotted chamber
enamel-based electrode
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

31. HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007
CC-2007
topics:
critical review of experimental results
crystal production technologies
application of bent crystals to LHC collimation system
assessment of new crystals through experiments at SPS and Tevatron
use of crystals for diffractive physics
co-sponsored by INTAS
45 participants: INFN Genova, U. Ferrara, INFN Legnaro, PNPI Gatchina, IHEP Protvino, FNAL, JINR Dubna, INFN Frascati, INFN Roma, U. Manchester, U. Texas,
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

32. HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007
PRL article on 2006 SPS experiments published last week! including CARE acknowledgement
SPS crystal
collimation test
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

33. HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007
2007 crystal experiments
7 weeks of SPS runs allocated to collaboration
Goals:
test multi-strip crystals
check the effect on ions
verify their fragmentation and e.-m. dissociation  inside the crystal,
test the effectiveness of crystal collimation for ILC
Support:
CARE-HHH , INTAS-CERN, INFN-NTA,
Russian Foundation for Basic Research, CERN AB
and AT Departments
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

34. HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007
APD exchanges
R. De Maria (grad student) visited FNAL for 1 month in February-March to work on heat deposition in low-b region for NbTi “low-gradient” IR optics solutions
Collaboration with N. Mokhov, US-LARP
W. Scandale visited FNAL for 1 week in February to participate in Tevatron crystal experiment
Two graduate students (U. Dorda, G. Sterbini) will participate in RHIC beam-beam compensation experiments for two weeks this June, in the frame of HHH/US-LARP collaboration
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

35. HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007
planned APD workshops
CARE-HHH-APD CERN-GSI bi-lateral working meeting on Collective Effects–Coordination of Theory and Experiments, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
1-5  October: CARE-HHH-APD event BEAM’07 , CERN
- mini-workshop on LHC Injectors Upgrade & FAIR
PS2, SPS enhancements, GSI upgrades
- mini-workshop on LHC Beam Parameters Upgrade
beam parameters and upgrade scenarios; e.g. bunch spacing, operation with large Piwinski angle, luminosity performance
- Francesco Ruggiero Memorial Symposium (Oct. 3)
7-9 November: CARE-HHH-APD workshop on LHC IR Upgrade (LUMI'07), INFN Frascati, Italy new low-beta quadrupoles, detector-integrated dipoles and quadrupoles, crab cavities, wire compensation, experience with new DAFNE IR
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

36. Francesco Ruggiero Memorial Symposium
3 October 2007
during
HHH-APD
BEAM’07
Tentative speakers: S. Berg, C. Biscari, O. Bruning,
W. Chou, M. Furman, K. Hirata, A. Mostacci,
L. Palumbo, C. Petit-Jean-Genaz, S. Petracca, E. Picasso,
W. Scandale, J. Thomashausen, F. Zimmermann ,…
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

37. Gantt chart for next 18 months AMT and ABI
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

38. Gantt chart for next 18 months APD
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007

39. HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007
Conclusions
numerous high-impact workshops
focused activities in many frontier areas
- crystal collimation, slim magnets, e-cloud suppression, low-angle crab cavities, beam-beam compensation, novel optics design schemes, fast cycling s.c. magnets, new beam diagnostics
results benefit global accelerator community
- code repository, s.c. database, intensity limits
enhanced dissemination & training effort
- mutual visits between partner labs, publications, seminars, web pages, summer students and graduate students
HHH is “high-return investment for Europe”
F. Zimmermann & W. Scandale
HHH, CARE Meeting, Paris. April 17-18, 2007