1. Chapter 8: Political Geography
Borders and Boundaries between Countries

2. Basics In the 20th Century, there were two major regions (political)
US allies or Soviet Union allies
Physical geography is easy to see but political geography is NOT but it is very important
The world is constantly changing and the US has lost political influence
Many countries are combining military, economic, and political authority to gain strength (e.g. EU)
This has encouraged local diversity and a desire for local control

3. KI 1: Where Are States Located?
Problems defining states
Sovereignty
Korea
China & Taiwan
Western Sahara
Polar regions
Varying Size of States
Development of the State Concept
Ancient & medieval states
Colonies

4. KI 2: Why Do Boundaries Between States Cause Problems?
Shapes of States
5 Basic Shapes
Compact
Elongated
Prorupted
Perforated
Fragmented
Landlocked states

5. KI 2: Why Do Boundaries Between States Cause Problems?
Types of Boundaries
Physical boundaries
Desert, mountain, water
Cultural boundaries
Geometric, religious, language
Frontiers
Boundaries Inside States
Unitary & federal
Trend toward federal government
Electoral geography

6. KI 3: Why Do States Cooperate with Each Other?
Political & Military Cooperation
The United Nations
Regional military alliances
Two superpowers
Cooperation in Europe
Other regional organizations
Economic Cooperation

7. KI 4: Why Has Terrorism Increased?
Terrorism by individuals & organizations
Terrorism against Americans
9/11
Al-Qaeda
State support for terrorism
Libya
Afghanistan
Iraq
Iran
Pakistan