1. Introduction to fenland aquatic plants
Jonathan Graham

2. Emergent & aquatic plants

3. Groups of water plants
Floating plants (typically floating leaves only)
Submerged plants with simple leaves
Submerged plants with divided leaves
Pondweeds
Arrowhead and similar plants
Aquatic bryophytes and algae

4. Groups of water plants

5. Floating plants (typically floating leaves only)

6. Duckweeds

7. Large Duckweed and Least Duckweed

8. Fat Duckweed
Ivy-leaved duckweed

9. Yellow Water-lily
White Water-lily

10. Fringed Water-lily
Frog-bit

11. Water Fern (Azolla)

12. Floating Crystalwort
Fringed Heartwort

13. Submerged plants with simple leaves

14. Elodea species Canadian pondweed (first UK record 1836)
Nuttall’s waterweed
(first UK record 1966)

15. Water-starworts (Callitriche species)
Floating rosettes
Single stems

16. Mares-tail

17. Submerged plants with divided leaves

18. Water-crowfoots (aquatic Ranunculus species)
White Flowers
Single stems

19. Whorled Water-milfoil
Water-milfoils
Spiked Water-milfoil
Whorled Water-milfoil

20. Typical submerged form
Water-violet
Typical submerged form
Terrestrial Form

21. Hornworts

22. Bladderworts

23. Pondweeds Potamogeton species (broadleaved & grass-leaved pondweeds)
Opposite-leaved pondweed
Horned Pondweed

24. Broad-leaved Pondweeds
Shining Pondweed

25. Grass-leaved Pondweeds
Hair-like Pondweed
Grass-wrack Pondweed

26. Lesser Pondweed

27. Hair-like Pondweed

28. Opposite-leaved Pondweed
Single stem
Typical habitat

29. Horned Pondweed

30. Arrowhead and similar species

31. Unbranched bur-reed
Arrowhead

32. Unbranched bur-reed and Arrowhead

33. Lesser Water-plantain
Water-plantains
Lesser Water-plantain

34. Submerged bryophytes and algae

35. Filamentous algae

36. Charophytes (Stoneworts)
Chara vulgaris
Tolypella glomerata

37. Greater Water-moss

38. Other useful features

39. Turions

40. Terrestrial forms

41. Petal nectar-pits (Water-crowfoots)

42. Important factors affecting drains of conservation value for plants
Aquatic plants are useful indicators of the conservation value of drains
Important factors affecting drains of conservation value for plants
Bed geology
Clear water
Not heavily shaded (reed or bushes)
Maintained summer water level (crop irrigation)
Some regular management (dredging and weed cutting)