1. Chapter 4: The Nile Valley
Page 132: Nubia and Kush
Chapter 4: The Nile Valley

2. Standards
6.2.spi.2. identify major trade routes (i.e., silk roads, Persian trade routes, African trade routes, Mediterranean trade routes, ocean routes).
6.5.spi.3. identify types of artifacts by pictorial representation (i.e., Egyptian, Roman, Greek, Chinese, Native American, Medieval, and Renaissance).
6.5.spi.4. recognize the forms of early world writing (i.e., cuneiform and Egyptian/Native American Hieroglyphics).

3. Essential Question:
How did the people of Nubia and the people of Ancient Egypt influence each other?

4. Ceramic: baked clay pottery.
Vocabulary
Ceramic: baked clay pottery.
Trade routes: the waterways, paths, and trails that traders used to move goods for exchange from one place to another.

5. Mineral: natural resource found in rocks.
Vocabulary
Mineral: natural resource found in rocks.
Obelisk: a tall, slender stone pillar with four sides and a pointed top.

6. Obelisk

7. Nubian culture began as early as the 7000s B.C.
Early people in Nubia
Nubian culture began as early as the 7000s B.C.
Northern part of what is now the Sudan

8. Where was it?
Look at map on Page 133
(NOW)

9. Among the 1st to make ceramic (baked clay) pottery
Early people in Nubia
Among the 1st to make ceramic (baked clay) pottery
Used as trade items
Also traded goods from places in central & southern Africa

10. Location b/t Egypt & central Africa made it an ideal trading center.
Early people in Nubia
Location b/t Egypt & central Africa made it an ideal trading center.
Leopard skins, ostrich eggs, bird feathers, ivory tusks & horns, spices, gold, & ebony wood

11. Ebony: A dense, dark colored wood

12. Egypt also took over Nubia’s natural resources.
Early people in Nubia
Egypt also took over Nubia’s natural resources.
Gold & other minerals.
Granite: Egyptians took from Nubia & used for buildings & obelisks.

13. Traded peacefully with Egypt at 1st.
Early people in Nubia
Traded peacefully with Egypt at 1st.
Then Egypt took over their trade routes.
By a/b 2600 B.C. Egypt had brought Nubian trade under its control.

14. After 2000 B.C. Egypt annexed northern Nubia (called it Wawat).
Early people in Nubia
After 2000 B.C. Egypt annexed northern Nubia (called it Wawat).
Built forts
Mined gold for themselves

15. Remaining Nubians fled south Formed kingdom of Kush
Early people in Nubia
Remaining Nubians fled south
Formed kingdom of Kush
Capital at Kerma, which became the center of the Kushite civilization.

16. Nubians

17. Nubian Pyramids

18. What were some of Nubia’s natural resources?
Question:
What were some of Nubia’s natural resources?
Gold, minerals, waterways, farmland

19. Essential Question:
How did the people of Nubia and the people of Ancient Egypt influence each other?
Through trade and conquest, Nubia and Egypt shared in each other’s cultures