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2. The (Arctic SDP) project will ensure that the facts we collect in their data formats are interoperable and can be shared from local to global partners in a seamless way. To date, there has been no such effort to do this and this project is, for the Arctic, a game-changer.
Prashant Shukle
Director General, Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation, NRCan
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3. The Arctic is surrounded by eight different countries
The Arctic is surrounded by eight different countries. Bringing together a group like that around some common standards and some common goals in terms of information is really critical.
Kevin Gallagher
Associate Director, Core Science Systems, United States Geological Survey
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4. The Arctic: Applying a holistic view, all elements are connected
The Arctic: Applying a holistic view, all elements are connected. We call this an ecosystem perspective. The ecosystem is in fact made up of an endless number of little puzzle pieces. Only put together they form the big picture. Removing individual pieces quickly destroys this Big Picture. We don’t understand the links and associations, the influences and causal relationships any more. The same with individual pieces. We may understand a tiny little sub-system, but the Big Picture is lost.
Demonstrating how standards and interoperability arrangements can help building this Big Picture from geospatial data, statistical data, societal data, and statistics is the goal. If the IT infrastructure resembles the ecological approach, data can be easily integrated and processed without information loss or manual overhead.
Image from Inuit Circumpolar Council-Alaska Alaskan Inuit Food Security Conceptual Framework: How to Assess the Arctic From an Inuit Perspective. Technical Report. Anchorage, AK. modified. Original image by Carolina Behe.
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5. What does this have to do with a modern data integration and analytics situation? It’s the same principle.
First, there is the Internet, as the backbone that helps us integrating all elements.
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6. discovery
First we need catalogs to discover the data. Google is one option, but works best for web pages, less for data that is made available on the Internet. More specialized catalogs are often essential to get to the required data.
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7. data
Once discovered, data with metadata describing the data becomes essential. Otherwise we don’t know much about the data, which prevents successful analytics.
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8. access
Access to the data needs to be simple and efficient. Ideally, a standardized interface allows querying and subsetting of data, so that only minimal data need to be transferred.
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9. analytics
Data analytics
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10. visualization
Visualization is an important step during the data exploration phase and the final presentation phase.
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11. visualization access data discovery analytics
All these elements form what we call a Spatial Data Infrastructure.
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12. Spatial Data Infrastructure
visualization
access
Spatial Data Infrastructure
data
discovery
analytics
In action, Spatial Data Infrastructures require even more elements to work properly, but the key elements have just been defined.
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13. Process Analysis Platform
visualization
access
Process Analysis Platform
data
discovery
analytics
There are many names for such an architecture.
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14. Integrated Research Environment
visualization
access
Integrated Research Environment
data
discovery
analytics
There are many names for such an architecture.
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15. Decision Support Tool visualization access data discovery analytics
There are many names for such an architecture.
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16. Spatial Data Infrastructure
statistics
maps
binary
CSV
Spatial Data Infrastructure
Various types of data need to be integrated in a Spatial Data Infrastructure to help understanding the Arctic with its elements.
models
imagery
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17. The Open Geospatial Consortium, OGC, develops standards that make this happen.
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18. The goal is to demonstrate to Arctic stakeholders the diversity, richness and value of a Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) based on Web services and standardized exchange formats to address critical issues impacting the Arctic.
Goal of the Arctic Spatial Data Pilot
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19. What is the Benefit? Key question: What is the benefit of the pilot?
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20. Support a Data Rich Arctic SDI
Demonstrate Good Data Management Practice
Advance Standards & Technology
Support Building a Data Rich Arctic SDI
To allow for better informed decisions and more efficient administration in the Arctic
To help us better to predict, understand and react to changes in the Arctic
Demonstrate the Result of Good Data Management Practices
Because incorporating standards takes commitment
Demonstrate the value of standards and interoperability arrangements
Opportunity to help advance technology and guide standards to increase interoperability
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21. http://bit.ly/arcticsdp Arctic SDP Results available online
All results, scenario videos, summary video, and presentations are available online.
available online
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22. Key Results Spatial Data Infrastructure standards work
Discovery of relevant data still an issue
Automated crawling finds services
Manual annotation would make them more useful
Lots of data not standardized interfaces
Proprietary interfaces
Lots of different login procedures/registrations
Lots of non-standardized formats
Arctic Geoportal needs to guide users
base maps
integration of data
The North is special: low bandwidth
If data is well documented and provided at a standardized interface, then integration into various client components or data processing workflows is extremely efficient.
There are some specific requirements that differentiate an SDI in the Arctic from other SDI, in particular the limited telecommunication resources in the North, as well as the difficulty to integrate Indigenous knowledge with scientific or sensor based data.
The amount of available data is impressive, discovery and access of data is still difficult. Data not being delivered via standard services, the lack of consolidated catalogs, the lack of any data or service annotation mechanism combined with missing entry links into aggregating catalogs, and almost no relevant inventory of available services or data produce high entry hurdles for any type of scenario.
Many high value data sets are archived and not available via Web services.
Despite the fact that all ArcticSDP participants have been experts in geospatial data and services, access to, and use of, fundamental layers such as base maps wasn’t clear.
The value of portals such as the Arctic SDI Geoportal that hide a lot of the complexity from the user and provide relevant data sets and base maps right away cannot be overestimated. Otherwise, the different spatial projections used in the Arctic, paired with the missing support for high latitudes of frequently used tools such as Google, Bing, or Open Street Maps cause major challenges that cannot be handled by the average data user.
Metadata is still a major challenge. It is often missing or incorrect, which leads to long data discovery processes as individual data sets often need to be checked for applicability in a long and expensive process.
Access to data and the lack of single sign-on to the various portals combined with often unclear, or very restrictive data usability regulations, prevent the use of many data sets.
Most data portals required some sort of registration before access to data was granted.
Quality of data and quality of service aspects need to be addressed in future. This includes links from one data set to another, or one service to another or to other data.
To efficiently use research time and development funds and simplify the sustainability of pilot results, a repository of real world use cases containing point of contact data, would allow pilots such as ArcticSDP to build on previous work and address more real issues.
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23. International participation and input from multiple organizations.
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24. Contact
The OGC Arctic Spatial Data Pilot has been executed between December 2015 and April If you need any further information, please contact us. ADDRESS Open Geospatial Consortium, OGC Dr. Ingo Simonis 35 Main Street, Suite 5, Wayland, MA, 01778, USA WEB Open Geospatial Consortium